太平洋牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎亚种分化比较基因组学研究

项目名称： 太平洋牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎亚种分化比较基因组学研究

项目编号： No.41206149

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 海洋科学

项目作者： 亓海刚

作者单位： 中国科学院海洋研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 经过多年研究，太平洋牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎的分类关系逐渐明晰：一般认为，葡萄牙牡蛎是太平洋牡蛎在我国南方海域分布的亚种。两者在温度适应、生长、抗病性等方面都存在显著差异，但是全基因组水平上的分化尚不明确。我们前期研究发现，葡萄牙牡蛎序列可以比对到太平洋牡蛎基因组中多数编码基因区域，表明可以在两者之间开展比较基因组学相关分析。本研究计划以太平洋牡蛎基因组序列为参考，获得葡萄牙牡蛎的功能基因集；对不同个体进行SNP和单倍型分析，评估种内和亚种间的基因多态性和遗传分化；比较功能基因的表达差异，检测基因受到的选择压力，分析与两亚种分化可能相关的基因变异和进化模式。本课题首次在全基因组水平上考察和解析太平洋牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎两亚种的遗传分化和相关的功能基因，可以为贝类基因组学相关研究提供借鉴。

中文关键词： 太平洋牡蛎；葡萄牙牡蛎；比较基因组学；选择压力；基因表达

英文摘要： The relationship of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Portuguese oyster C. angulata has been clarified after years of studies. The Portuguese oyster is now considered as the subspecies of the Pacific oyster and primarily distribute on the south coasts of China. There are obvious differences in adaption of temperature, growth rate and disease resistance of the two subspecies and however, the divergence is still unclear between their genomes. Our previous studies found that the sequences of the Portuguese oyster could cover most of the region of coding genes in the Pacific oyster genome and indicated it is feasible to perform comparative genomics analysis of the two oysters. In the project, we will first obtain the gene sets of the Portuguese oyster by using the genome of the Pacific oyster as reference. Then we will analyze the SNPs and haplotypes in genome wide and evaluate the allele polymorphisms and genetic differentiations of genes within individuals of one species and between the two subspecies. We will also compare the expression and estimate the selection pressure of genes during the subspecies differentiation. The study will for the first time investigate and illustrate the similarity and divergence of genome and genes between the Pacific oyster and its subspecies the Portuguese oyster, and ma

英文关键词： Pacific oyster；Portuguese oyster；comparative genomics；selection pressure；gene expression