杨梅雌雄性别决定的遗传和基因组学基础

项目名称： 杨梅雌雄性别决定的遗传和基因组学基础

项目编号： No.31471843

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 高中山

作者单位： 浙江大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 杨梅是我国南方重要的特色亚热带果树，产业的迅速发展迫切需求适应新环境、栽培模式和消费市场的高品质新品种。杨梅为雌雄异株，栽培品种绝大多数为雌株，雄株仅提供授粉。目前对于杨梅的性别决定遗传因子尚不清楚，限制了现代杂交育种工作的开展。本项目将应用前期研究积累的杨梅栽培品种（雌株）和雄株资源，采用多态性共显性基因组和转录组开发的SSR分子标记评价雌雄群体遗传结构，分析与性别关联的分子标记。通过比较雌雄花组织转录组和miRNA，分析与性别分化相关的候选基因和序列差异，开发新的SSR标记。利用荸荠x东魁杂交群体构建杨梅高密度分子标记连锁图谱，分析杨梅雌、雄性别控制遗传模式和关联基因组结构特征。找出与性别分化相关基因组区段和相关的分子标记。 本研究将解决杨梅遗传、基因组、育种研究急需分子标记连锁图谱问题，在此基础上解析杨梅雌雄性别决定遗传和基因组学机制，对杨梅杂交育种有重要理论指导意义。

中文关键词： 遗传图谱；SSR分子标记；转录组测序；关联分析；种质资源

英文摘要： Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra ) is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree widely distributed in southern China.　The rapid industry development requires novel varieties to meet the environmental changes, cultivation methods and market demand for higher fruit quality. Bayberry trees are generally dioecious, with female plants cultivated for fruit. The genetic mechanism controlling the sex traits has not been solved, which in part hamper the cross breeding program. This research will use polymorphic and co-dominant SSR markers derived from both genome and transcript sequences to screen the male and female populations to identify markers linked to sex traits. By employing comparative transcriptomes and miRNA of male and female flower, some candidate genes related to sex determination will be found and more SSR marker can be developed. A reference molecular marker linkage map based on 'Biqi' x 'Dongkui' would serve as genetic analysis tool to locate the genomic region for sex determination and its interaction mode based on segregation populations. A number of closely linked markers to sex traits can be inferred. This research will provide fundamental basis for the sex determination in genetics and genomics, which certainly are helpful for cross breeding and selection of Chinese bayberry.

英文关键词： Genetic map;Molecular marker;Transcriptome;Associated analysis;Germplasm