动机与选择性注意的交互作用的认知和神经机制

项目名称： 动机与选择性注意的交互作用的认知和神经机制

项目编号： No.31470979

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 魏萍

作者单位： 首都师范大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 人对环境中的客体施加注意并作出恰当有效的反应，受到两种机制的重要影响：注意系统和奖赏系统。注意系统保证我们能够选择必要的信息进行加工，并忽略或抑制不必要的信息。而奖赏系统负责确定目标、编码奖赏价值、推动目标指向行为，为注意选择和反应过程提供动力。采用认知神经科学技术手段考察人类动机与注意的交互作用机制研究才刚刚起步。本项目将围绕奖赏与选择性注意的指向和集中过程的交互作用，以及任务定势在各种条件下影响该动态关系这一新视角，考察奖赏与选择性注意的动态神经联系，系统地探讨以下问题：1)外源性空间注意转移过程中解脱、转移、投入等各个子成分在不同时程上受奖赏预期和奖赏联结历史影响的认知和神经机制；2)奖赏预期对视觉登记和视觉竞争的调节作用，奖赏预期影响注意选择灵活性和注意集中性的差异性神经机制；3)不同任务需求下，奖赏加工相关的脑内回路与注意选择和注意资源分配相关的额顶网络的动态联系。

中文关键词： 选择性注意；动机；奖赏；功能磁共振成像；事件相关电位

英文摘要： Ef?cient processing of environmental stimuli and giving prompt response to them requires two underlying mechanisms: selective attention and the reward system. While selective attention ensures us selecting task-relevant information and ignoring or inhibiting unnecessary distraction, the reward system is responsible for setting goals, encoding action values, motivating behavior, and giving drives for selecting information and making response. It is now a hot field to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the interaction between human motivation and selective attention by using cognitive neuroscience methods. The current project will focus on the brain dynamics involved in this interaction and the task-set at hand in regulating the brain connectivity between reward-related circuits and the fronto-parietal attentional network. Specifically, we aim to address the following questions: (1) how the components of spatial attentional orienting, i.e., disengagement, shift and engagement, are affected by reward expectation and reward history, and the neural correlates underlying this interaction; (2) the impact of reward expectation on the registration and representation of visual stimuli, especially those who share visual receptive fields of the same populations of neurons, and whether the effects are taken place through more flexibility in attentional selection or more task concentration resulted from reward expectation; (3) the dynamical neural mechanisms involved when task-set plays an important role in regulating the interaction between selective attention and motivation.

英文关键词： selective attention;motivation;reward;fMRI;ERP