木薯叶片应答细菌性枯萎病病原菌的基因表达谱构建及抗病相关基因鉴定

项目名称： 木薯叶片应答细菌性枯萎病病原菌的基因表达谱构建及抗病相关基因鉴定

项目编号： No.31260345

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 陈银华

作者单位： 海南大学

项目金额： 49万元

中文摘要： 木薯是热带地区重要的粮食作物和能源作物，随着国际油价高涨，国内外木薯市场供不应求。生产上细菌性枯萎病是限制木薯产量的重要生物制约因素之一。但至今为止，木薯抗细菌性枯萎病的分子机理还不清楚，抗病相关基因资源的报道缺乏，防控技术研究基础薄弱，这已成为木薯产业持续健康发展亟待解决的现实问题。 课题组前期已从100份木薯种质资源中筛选出高抗和高感细菌性枯萎病的品系。本项目拟采用第二代高通量测序技术对抗、感木薯品系受病原菌浸染后的转录组和基因表达谱进行分析，通过两次差异对比，筛选木薯应答病原菌相关基因，构建木薯抗病差异基因表达谱。经RACE等技术分离全长基因，并通过生化分析、转基因等手段进行候选基因的功能验证。项目的实施将获得木薯抗病差异基因表达谱，从基因组水平识别一批抗病相关基因，为木薯抗病分子机理的解析提供基因资源和理论基础；新基因的获得及功能验证将为木薯抗病育种提供基因资源。

中文关键词： 木薯；先天免疫；基因功能；细菌性枯萎病；抗病性

英文摘要： Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a starchy root and a major tropical food crop in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Cassava, as important as it is however is susceptible to many pathogens that decrease yields. More than thirty bacterial, fungal, viral, virus-like, mycoplasma and nematode agents had been reported to attack cassava. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam) is a causative agent of cassava bacterial blight (CBB) which is considered as a major biotic constraint for cassava production in all cassava-cultivating regions of the world. The most appropriate approach to control bacterial blight is by growing resistant cultivars, as element of an integrated control system Genotypes with different levels of resistance were reported. This resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. Recently, the cassava-Xam interaction has been described as pathotype cultivar specific.The defense genes are expressed during different genotypes. Changes in gene expression are important for activation of defense mechanisms and transcriptional activation or repression of genes has been reported in several plant-pathogen interaction systems. Genomic-scale methods are revealing a complex web of signaling cascades involved in plant defense response. Transcript profiling plays an important role in annotating and dete

英文关键词： cassava；innate immunity；gene function；bacterial blight；disease resistance