多功能硅基纳米材料的制备及其在生物医学中的应用

项目名称： 多功能硅基纳米材料的制备及其在生物医学中的应用

项目编号： No.21273126

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 孙树清

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 本项目针对无毒副作用硅基量子点在诸如制备、尤其是表面功能化方面的缺陷导致的量子点在生命医学应用研究中面临的问题，依据硅基材料对微波有很强吸收的特点，首次提出利用微波辅助硅烷化技术制备荧光性能和稳定性好的硅量子点。一方面，这种方法简便易操作、反应效率高、适用范围广、可避免其他表面修饰方法的缺陷；另一方面，由于减少了实验步骤同时降低了量子点在修饰前与环境的接触时间，其性能也可以得到进一步提高。为进一步开拓硅量子点在生物医学中的应用，设计了2条制备表面多功能化的硅量子点/纳米材料的途径。其一为通过分步骤表面修饰，制备Janus型硅量子点和多孔硅纳米材料；其二为通过控制脱铁铁蛋白的自组装过程，制备表面多功能化的核壳型量子点@脱铁铁蛋白纳米复合材料。最后研究所制备的多功能硅量子点在细胞成像、组织成像、靶向输运、药物示踪以及靶向治疗等生物医学方面的应用。

中文关键词： 硅量子点；多孔硅纳米材料；药物载体；抑菌材料；生物传感

英文摘要： Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) have attracted much attention because of their non-toxic characteristics in nature; however, their applications in biomedical areas have been very limited due to various problems in their preparation process and, especially surface functionalization. According to the fact that silicon-based materials absorb microwave energy strongly, for the first time this project proposes to utilize microwave promoted silylation of hydrogen-terminated silicon (Si-H) for the surface functionalization of SiQDs to prepare stable, highly fluorescent and non-toxic nanomaterials. This approach is facile, versatile, highly efficient and superior to other methods. In addition, this approach reduced the time that SiQDs exposed to environment atmosphere which may further lead to the increase of fluorescent quantum yield. To develop SiQDs for the application in biomedical areas, two routes for the preparation multiple functional SiQDs/Si nanomaterials have been designed. The first route is for the preparation of Janus SiQDs/porous Si nanomaterials through step-by-step surface modification. The second route aims to synthesize core/shell nanostructures of SiQDs@apoferritin composites with multiple surface functionalities. Finally, this project will further investigate the biomedical application of as-obtained S

英文关键词： silicon quantum dot；porous silicon materials；drug delivery；anti-bacteria materials；biosensing