天然林演替为人工林对林地水量平衡及土壤水影响作用机制

项目名称： 天然林演替为人工林对林地水量平衡及土壤水影响作用机制

项目编号： No.41501019

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 黄俊

作者单位： 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 我国华南地区水热资源较为丰沛，是桉树人工林大面积种植的天然优良场地。该区域桉树人工林大面积发展在缓解我国木材短缺的同时也增加了当地农民收入。但由于天然林演替为桉树人工林对林地生态水文循环特征影响作用机制尚不够明晰，导致目前桉树人工林大面积发展仍存在诸多争议。本项目立足于华南地区桉树人工林发展中现存问题，采用野外人工径流小区定位观测试验方法，以林分为主导因子将演替过程划分为不同阶段，充分考虑林地生态水文要素时间尺度效应，研究不同林分演替阶段林地次降雨产流及土壤蒸散发变化规律，分析不同林分演替阶段深层土壤水分变化趋势，阐明不同林分演替阶段多时间尺度下林地水量动态平衡及土壤水变化特征，揭示林分演替对林地水量平衡及土壤水影响作用机制。该研究可为华南地区合理大面积发展桉树人工林及林地土壤水分高效管理利用提供重要依据和参考。

中文关键词： 土壤水分；蒸散发；降雨截留；水文循环；尺度效应

英文摘要： Heat and water resources in South China are relatively abundant, it’s suitable for planting eucalyptus in South China. Large areas of development of eucalyptus plantation in South China effectively alleviate the pressure of the timber shortage in our country and increase the local farmers' income. However, effects and mechanisms of the forest succession from natural forest to eucalyptus plantation on ecological hydrological cycle characteristics is not clear. There are still a lot of controversy about large area of eucalyptus plantation at present. The project is based on the existing problems during eucalyptus plantation in South China, by the means of the positioning observation test in field artificial runoff plots, dividing the forest succession into different stages based on the stand structure, fully considering the time-scale effects of ecological hydrology factors in woodlands, studies change rules of surface runoff in individual rainfall event and soil evapotranspiration at different stages, analyze the variation trend of deep soil moisture at different stages, illuminates the change features of the water dynamics blance and soil water in woodlands at different stages, finally reveals the effect and mechanism of the forest succession on the water blance and soil water in woodlands. The study can provide important basis and reference for reasonable large area development of eucalyptus plantation in South China and the efficient management and utilization of soiil water in woodlands.

英文关键词： soil moisture;evapotranspiration;rainfall interception;hydrological cycle;scale effect