松嫩草地土壤动物多样性及其在凋落物分解中作用和物质能量收支研究

项目名称： 松嫩草地土壤动物多样性及其在凋落物分解中作用和物质能量收支研究

项目编号： No.40871120

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 环境科学、安全科学

项目作者： 殷秀琴

作者单位： 东北师范大学

项目金额： 45万元

中文摘要： 松嫩草地位于我国草原区的东北部，长期以来由于气候变化及人类活动的影响，致使草地退化，不利于该区畜牧业发展。近年来许多学者对植被和土壤等方面进行了研究，但土壤动物涉及较少。土壤动物在草地生态系统物质分解和能量流中起着重要的作用，因此开展本项研究。在松嫩草地利用三年时间，选取植被不同演替阶段的草地、盐碱草地、沙地和甸子地，研究草地土壤动物群落多样性、动态变化及与环境因子的关系；划分草地土壤动物的功能类群。选取不同草地类型中的优势植物种凋落物，采用凋落物袋法在自然环境下监测凋落物分解动态，探讨土壤动物对草地凋落物分解作用、凋落物分解过程中养分动态和土壤动物群落变化及其与主要环境因子的关系。选取主要大型土壤动物在室内实验，获得土壤动物物质能量收支效率及其影响因子。揭示土壤动物在草地生态系统中的地位和作用，为评价草地生态系统质量，判断草地生态系统的健康状况和恢复被破坏的草地生态系统以及对草地生态系统保护和管理提供土壤动物学论据，促进该区畜牧业发展。通过对比分析，探讨松嫩草地与小兴安岭森林土壤动物的区域特征。发表论文8篇,其中SCI、SCIE 3篇；核心期刊5篇。博士论文2篇，硕士论文2篇。

中文关键词： 土壤动物；多样性；凋落物分解；物质能量收支；松嫩草地

英文摘要： Songnen grassland located at northeast of grassland area in China. For a long time, grasslands have been damaged seriously and threated to the development of husbandry, due to climate change and human activity. In recent years, many researchers studied on the vegetation and soil in this region, while soil fauna were less involved. Soil fauna play an important role in material cycling and energy transformation in grassland ecosystems. Different succession stage of grasslands,salinized grasslands, sandy land and meadow were used to study soil fauna community biodiversity, dynamic changes, function role and relationship with environmental factors for three years in Songnen grassland. Different dominant plant species of litter in different type grasslands were used to study the contribution of soil fauna to grassland litter decomposition and nutrient dynamic in litter decomposition. The effect of environmental factors on litter decomposition and the changes of soil fauna community during litter decomposition were also studied. Several dominant soil macrofauna were determined to study income & expenses of material and energy efficiency of soil fauna and influencing factors in laboratory meso-experiment. This study showed that the role and station of soil fauna in grassland ecosystem and provided soil fauna evidence to estimate quality, health condition, recovery, maintenance and management of grassland ecosystem. It were promote the development of husbandry. Region characteristics were discussed by contrast of soil fauna in Songnen grassland and Xiao Hinggan Mountains. In this study, we published 3 papers of SCI、SCIE, 5 papers of core journals of China, and finished 2 doctoral and 2 Master theses.

英文关键词： soil fauna; biodiversity; litter decomposition; income & expenses of material and energy; Songnen grassland