天然东北红豆杉紫杉烷类次生代谢产物种群特征研究

项目名称： 天然东北红豆杉紫杉烷类次生代谢产物种群特征研究

项目编号： No.30870464

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 刘彤

作者单位： 东北林业大学

项目金额： 28万元

中文摘要： 以往植物与环境关系的研究主要集中于植物初生代谢过程，而恰恰植物的次生代谢及其产物与环境有着更为密切的联系。本项研究在自然条件下从器官、个体和种群多尺度上，系统研究了东北红豆杉体内4种紫杉烷类次生代谢物质的时空特征，结果表明： 4种紫杉烷类含量由高到低依次是紫杉醇、三尖杉宁碱、10-DABIII和巴卡亭III；枝中含量比叶中高；阳面上部和阴面下部枝叶中含量都低，阳面中部更高；生长季结束前的10月份4种物质含量都达到高点；4种物质含量随树龄增加呈现不同的特点；在雌雄株中，中小径级雌株紫杉烷类物质的含量高于雄株，较大径级雄株中紫杉烷类物质含量高于雌株；不同立地条件下，当年生枝中紫杉烷类物质含量对立地因子更敏感，中小径级植株中4种物质含量阳坡高于阴坡，大径级植株中的含量阴坡高于阳坡；坡中部和坡下部植株中4物质含量高，坡上部含量低；较大坡度下生长的植株中紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱含量更高，而巴卡亭III和10-DABIII含量与之相反；中等海拔下4种物质含量高，高海拔植株中含量最低。 植物体内次生代谢产物含量的高低，一方面取决于植物的合成能力，另一方面取决于分解的多少。温光水和营养条件都会影响次生物质。

中文关键词： 东北红豆杉;次生代谢;紫杉烷类;时空特征

英文摘要： The existing research on the relationship between plant and environment mainly concentrated on plant primary metabolic process,but not the secondary metabolites process, which is more closely related to the environmental factors. In this project, we focused on the secondary metabolites of taxanes in Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata) from the aspects of organs, individuals and populations. The results are as follows: The content of taxanes in descending order was：paclitaxel, cephalomannine, baccatin Ⅲand 10-deacetyl baccatin III; the content of taxanes in branches was higher than that in leaves; the branches and leaves in the upper layer of the canopy on sunny slope and in the lower layer on shady slope contained less taxanes than those in the middle layer on sunny slope; the maximum content of taxanes in trees was found in October during the growing season; the characteristics of the 4 taxanes was different with increasing age; the content of taxanes in female trees was higher than that in male trees with small DBH, but the content of taxanes in male trees was higher than that in female trees with large DBH; the content of taxanes in current-year branches was more sensitive to site conditions, trees on sunny slope with the condition that small and medium DBH had higher taxanes than the individuals on shady slope, and trees on shady slope with large DBH had higher taxanes than thoes on sunny slope; trees on mid-slope and on toe slope had higher taxanes than those on the top. Trees on steep gradient contained more paclitaxel and cephalomannine, but less baccatin III and 10-deacetyl baccatin III on the contrary; more taxanes were found in the trees at middle altitude , and least in the trees at higher altitude . The content of plant secondary metabolites depends on the synthesis and decomposition, and temperature, light, water and nutrients are all impact factors. For further research, we are confronted with new tasks including which factor is more important, and how about the conditions, the functions and the mechanism.

英文关键词： Taxus cuspidata; secondary metabolites; taxanes; temporal-spatial characteristics