红花绿绒蒿柱头寄生传粉现象形成和维持的机制研究

项目名称： 红花绿绒蒿柱头寄生传粉现象形成和维持的机制研究

项目编号： No.31200285

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生态学

项目作者： 顾垒

作者单位： 中国科学院成都生物研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 申请人在分布于青藏高原的罂粟科中国特有种红花绿绒蒿中发现了一种柱头寄生传粉现象，这是首次发现的以柱头组织为寄生传粉者报酬的互利共生传粉方式，可以在保证花粉传递精确性的同时回避种子损失的风险，具有特殊的适应意义。该现象仅出现于部分居群中，而居群间花形态和花粉组织化学并无差异，另外花内外温度差异和传粉者在花内聚集的行为有相关性，因此温度和特定居群的挥发性成分改变可能是这一现象形成和维持的原因。本项目拟通过自然和人工控制条件下不同温度梯度的开花物候、传粉蝇类居群动态及其与红花绿绒蒿结实及种子生产率关系的研究，结合不同居群红花绿绒蒿的挥发性成分对比分析，证明上述假设，并探讨全球变化背景下该现象对温度变化的适应方式。

中文关键词： 红花绿绒蒿；柱头寄生传粉；甲虫传粉；协同进化；简单重复序列标记

英文摘要： Parasitic flies were descovered to pollinate Meconopsis punicea, an endemic Papaveraceae species in Qinghai-Tibatan Plateau, by oviposting in the stigmas. A parasitic pollination mutualism in which stigma tissue instead of ovules or young seeds is rewarded to pollinator can guarantee the precision of pollen despersal as well as avoiding the risk of lossing seeds, and have never been reported before. This phenomenon exists in some certain populations while absences in the others. The temperatures inside the flowers are higher than outside, and the deferences have been found hightly corelated with the floral visiting frequency of the pollinators. Therefore, the main driving factors of this mutualism suggest to be variation on scent components and temperature deferences between inside and outside flowers. This project will examine the above suggestion by investigating the flower phenology, seed reproduction and dynamics of parasitic fly populations under natural environment and a series of controled temperatures, in combination with comparing scent components among populetions.

英文关键词： Meconopsis punicea；stigma-parasitic pollination；cantharophily；coevolution；SSR marker