基于湖泊沉积记录的我国西南地区大气重金属污染历史过程研究

项目名称： 基于湖泊沉积记录的我国西南地区大气重金属污染历史过程研究

项目编号： No.41271214

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 刘恩峰

作者单位： 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 重金属污染是全球面临的主要环境问题之一，作为主要污染源，矿冶业及化石燃料使用释放的重金属通过大气输移与沉降可导致区域甚至半球尺度地表环境污染。我国西南地区矿冶业历史悠久，目前大气重金属污染较重；早期矿冶业及近代工业发展导致的区域大气重金属污染历史变化过程及对地表环境的影响如何，尚缺乏深入研究；该地区广泛分布的高山湖泊为开展上述研究提供了良好的载体。本项目选择云南不同地区典型湖泊，通过对沉积岩芯重金属、铅同位素等地球化学指标分析，耦合流域基岩/土壤、大气污染监测等分析结果，采用同位素混合模型、参比元素校正等技术，建立湖泊沉积物重金属自然来源与人为污染大气沉降贡献的判识方法；结合沉积岩芯年代标尺，重建Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd等重金属大气污染历史变化过程，揭示重金属污染的变化特征及其与矿冶业发展、化石燃料使用等人类活动的关系，为区域大气重金属污染防治及区域间大气重金属污染演化对比研究提供参考。

中文关键词： 湖泊沉积；重金属；大气污染；时空变化；西南地区

英文摘要： Heavy metals pollution is one of the most prominent environmental problems all around the world. Heavy metals from the mining and metallurgical industry and the fossil fuel consumption are the major anthropogenic sources, which could be transported in the atmosphere on the regional and even hemispherical scales and induced the pollution of earth surface environment. The southwest China is facing heavy atmospheric heavy metals pollution, where has been the center of mining and metallurgical industry in China with a long history. However, there had little knowledge about the historical variations in atmospheric heavy metals pollution especially in the remote area with the mining and metallurgical activities, fossil fuel consumption and rapid industrial development in recent decades,and the impact on the regional environment. The sedimentary records from the highland lakes make its feasible to trace the historical variations in atmospheric heavy metals pollution in southwest China. Concentrations of heavy metals, Pb isotope composition will be analyzed in the sediment cores from the Lakes Tianchi, Mubang, Shengmu and Heilongtan distributed in northeast and west regions of Yunnan Province. The geochemical proxies will also be analyzed for the rock and parent soil in the catchment of the lakes and the atmospheric dus

英文关键词： Lake sediment；heavy metals；atmospheric pollution；spatio-temporal characteristics；southwest China