低温寡照对设施番茄的致灾机理及灾损评估模型研究

项目名称： 低温寡照对设施番茄的致灾机理及灾损评估模型研究

项目编号： No.41475107

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 大气科学学科

项目作者： 杨再强

作者单位： 南京信息工程大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 番茄是中国最主要的设施作物。在设施番茄生产中，寡照常伴随低温构成复合气象灾害，每年遭受低温寡照危害的设施番茄面积占总面积的20%左右。目前，低温寡照致使设施番茄生长发育停滞、品质和产量下降的生物学机理及其如何灾损评估等科学问题尚不清楚。为此，本研究以番茄'金粉5号'为试材，利用环境控制试验模拟低温寡照发生的气候模式，同时开展设施栽培试验，设计不同低温寡照强度和持续时间及适宜气象条件下的恢复处理，通过测定叶片组织的细胞膜透性和保护酶活性、叶片光合特性和荧光参数、器官内源激素及营养物质，研究低温寡照致灾的生物学机制和受害植株的修复特性；再通过测定冠层结构、果实品质和产量，提取气象灾害指标和建模参数；同时利用设施内外气象数据构建室内小气候预报模型；在此基础上，对项目组已研制的作物模型改进，构建低温寡照对设施番茄生长发育和产量影响的灾损评估模型。研究旨为设施番茄低温寡照复合灾害定量评估提供支持。

中文关键词： 农业气象灾害；低温寡照；设施番茄；灾损评估；作物模型

英文摘要： Tomato is the most predominant greenhouse crop in China. Low temperature and scant light always occur simultaneously, which results in composite meteorological disaster in the production of greenhouse tomato. The area of greenhouse tomato suffered from low temperature and scant light accounts for 20% of the total area of greenhouse tomato. The biological mechanism that low temperature and scant light caused the arrest of growth and development, the decline of yield and quality of greenhouse tomato is still not clear. Disaster damage assessment model based on the disaster-causing mechanism has not been established and applied. A controlled environment experiment is designed in this research to simulate the weather patterns of low temperature and scant light composite meteorological disaster. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.cv. Jinfen 5) plants will be treated in low temperature and scant light environment with different stress intensity and duration, and all of the plants will then be transferred to a suitable environment. The biological mechanism of low temperature and scant light disaster, as well as the repair characteristics of tomato plants that suffered from the composite meteorological disaster will be studied by measuring the cell membrane permeability and protective enzyme activity of leaf tissue, the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaf and the contents of endogenous hormone and nutrient substance in organs of tomato plants. Meteorological disaster indexes and parameters for models can be obtained through the measurements of canopy structure, yield and quality of fruits. Meanwhile a greenhouse microclimate forecasting model will be developed using the meteorological data inside and outside the greenhouse. Based on the above work the greenhouse tomato growth and development model that has been established by our group will be enhanced to develop a new model to assess the damage of low temperature and scant light on growth, development, yield and quality of greenhouse tomato. The research aims to provide support for assessment of low temperature and scant light meteorological disaster in greenhouse tomato.

英文关键词： Agro-meteorological disaster;Low temperature and scant light;Greenhouse tomato crops;Disaster evaluation;Crop model