基于串列叶栅导水机构卡门涡控制机理及试验研究

项目名称： 基于串列叶栅导水机构卡门涡控制机理及试验研究

项目编号： No.51479167

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 吴广宽

作者单位： 西安理工大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 导水机构性能的提高对水力机械性能有着极其重要的作用，不仅关系到水力机械的经济性，而且还影响水力机械部件的寿命。在很多情况下，如电网调度要求低负荷运行、大库容电站蓄水期等，水力机械都需要在远离设计点的状态下工作相当长的一段时间。因此为了保持水轮机在非设计工况仍具有良好的性能，就要求对机组相应的部件进行灵活的控制和调节以适应不同的工作参数。为此本研究拟将串列叶栅应用于水力机组导水机构的设计中，通过改善活动导叶出口的速度分布、减小水流经过导水机构时产生的水力损失、控制脱落涡的产生等途径，为转轮提供优化的入流条件，扩大机组高效率运行区域，进而提高机组的效率和稳定性。内容主要包括利用数值模拟技术研究叶栅设计参数对性能的影响、串列叶栅与固定导叶相对位置的优化、串列叶栅与转轮的动静干涉三个部分，并开展相关的模型试验研究。

中文关键词： 水力机械；模型试验；内部流动；流动特性

英文摘要： The performance of the distributor is very important to the performance of the hydraulic machinery. It is not only related to the economy of the machinery, but also affects the life span of the hydraulic machinery. In many cases, for example, the grid scheduling requires a low-load operation and water storage of a large-capacity power plant; the machinery has to be operated at off-design conditions for a long time. In order to keep a good performance at off-design conditions for the turbine, it is necessary to control and adjust the corresponding components of the hydraulic machinery to fit different parameters. In this research, a tandem cascade will be applied to the distributor design of the hydraulic machinery. By improving the velocity distribution at the guide vane outlet, reducing the hydraulic loss in the distributor, and controlling the possible flow separations, it can provide a better inflow condition for the turbine, enlarge the high-efficiency operation region, and consequently improve the efficiency and stability of the machinery. The research includes studying the effect of the cascade design on the performance, optimizing the relative position between the tandem cascade and stay vane, the interaction between the tandem cascade and runner, by the method of numerical simulations. In addition, model test experiments will also be conducted for the research.

英文关键词： hydraulic machinery;model test;internal flow;flow characteristic