信念偏差效应的认知神经机制

项目名称： 信念偏差效应的认知神经机制

项目编号： No.31200768

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 认知心理学

项目作者： 罗俊龙

作者单位： 上海师范大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 信念偏差效应是指日常生活中人们进行推理判断时往往会受到已有知识经验的干扰而忽略逻辑，倾向于接受可信的结论和拒绝不可信的结论。近来，认知神经技术为探索信念偏差效应提供一个全新的视角，有关信念偏差效应神经机制的研究被陆续报告。例如，功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究首先发现右前额皮层与对信念偏差抑制有关，随后，采用近红外光谱(NIRS)以及重复性经颅磁刺激（rTMS）技术的研究从不同角度对此进行了证实。申请人基于脑电（ERP）的研究表明，晚期正成分和晚期负成分可能参与了不同推理类型下信念偏差效应的认知加工。在已有研究的基础上，本项目将采用ERP和fMRI技术，进一步系统的探讨不同推理阶段、不同推理倾向以及思维训练下信念偏差效应发生的认知神经机制。该项目的开展，不仅对理解信念偏差效应的内在机制具有重要的理论意义，同时也能为人们在日常生活中灵活的调整推理策略提供重要启示。

中文关键词： 信念偏差效应；双加工理论；事件相关电位；功能性磁共振成像；

英文摘要： The belief bias effect in reasoning in daily life is the tendency to accept conclusions that are compatible with existing beliefs more frequently than those that contradict beliefs, regardless of logicality. Recently, neuroimaging techniques have provided a new perspective and have demonstrated the neural mechanisms of belief bias. For example, neuroimaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) demonstrated that the inhibition of belief-bias is associated with increased activation of the right prefrontal cortex (PFC). This finding was suppoted by the studies (in which from varied perceptive) using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS). Additionally, we using event-related potentials (ERPs) have found some ERP components(e.g. late positive component and late negative component) associated with the belief-bias effect in different reasoning types. Based on the existing researches, the present project aims to further explore the cognitive neural mechanisms of belief bias effect on condition that different stage of reasoning, different tendency of reasoning and thinking training in using fMRI and ERPs. So it has important theory significance to understand the essence of belief bias effect as well as provide an important insight for the adjustment

英文关键词： belief-bias effect；dual-process theory；functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)；event-related potentials (ERPs)；