中国寒区网柄细胞状黏菌的分子生态学研究

项目名称： 中国寒区网柄细胞状黏菌的分子生态学研究

项目编号： No.31300016

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 刘朴

作者单位： 吉林农业大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 网柄细胞状黏菌是真核生物中一个特殊的类群，是遗传学、细胞学及发生生物学研究中较为理想的实验材料之一。我国的极端环境包括多种类型，其中寒区较有代表性的如大兴安岭、长白山和青藏高原的苔原带，在这种极端环境下蕴藏着丰富而独特的生物资源，而目前对这些生境网柄细胞状黏菌的分布情况尚不清楚。网柄细胞状黏菌是主要生长于土壤中的一类个体较小的生物，传统的生态学研究是基于野外采集土壤在实验室分离子实体的方法。本项目在现有形态分类学研究的基础上，采集中国以上寒区的代表土壤，运用宏基因组学的方法，利用现代基因组测序技术直接研究自然状态下土壤中的网柄细胞状黏菌的物种数量以及在三种寒冷生境中的分布特点，得出三种寒冷环境下网柄细胞状黏菌的物种多样性、区系多样性特征和嗜冷优势种，进而丰富我国网柄细胞状黏菌的物种多样性，对于在深层次上认识网柄细胞状黏菌的系统演化及其对极端环境的适应机制具有重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 网柄细胞状黏菌；形态学；分子生态学；寒区；

英文摘要： Dictyostelids are an unique group in eukaryotes which are also a kind of ideal objects suitable for investigating problems in genetics, cytology, and developmental biology. There are several types of extreme environments in China. From them, the representative cold regions are such as the tundra zone of Da Hinggan Mountains, Changbai Mountains and Tibet. In these extreme environments, there have abundant and unique biological resources, but the distribution of dictyostelids is unclear. Dictyostelids are a small group which primarily living in the soil. Soil samples collected from field is used to isolate and cultivate dictyostelids in the lab in traditional ecological studies. In this study, on the basis of preparatory taxonomic studies, soils collected from these three cold regions were directly used to study the species diversity and distribution characteristics of dictyostelids by modern genomic sequencing techniques and metagenomics methods. The results showed that the species diversity, flora diversity and psychrophilic species of dictyostelids in these three cold regions which will enrih the species diversity of dictyostelids in China. This study will have important scientific significance for the phylogeny studies and the adaptation mechanism of dictyostelids in extreme environments.

英文关键词： cellular slime molds；taxonomy；molecular ecology；cold region；