柿花性别分化的基因表达和激素调控机理研究

项目名称： 柿花性别分化的基因表达和激素调控机理研究

项目编号： No.31500559

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 孙鹏

作者单位： 国家林业和草原局泡桐研究开发中心

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 柿（Diospyros kaki L.）绝大部分品种仅开雌花，少数雌雄同株或雌花、雄花、完全花混生（如“禅寺丸”），极少数只开雄花，柿开花特性复杂，其原因尚未阐明。雄性资源缺乏严重限制了柿杂交育种工作的开展。要培育雄性资源，首先需要探索柿花性别分化的调控机理。因此本研究采集不同发育阶段的雌花、雄花、完全花，用石蜡切片和扫描电镜观察其性别分化的形态学关键时期；再以该时期为依据，从同一株既开雌花又开雄花和完全花的“禅寺丸”单株上采集三种类型的花，分析其基因表达和激素含量差异，找出调控柿花性别分化的关键基因和关键激素及二者的相关性，同时分析关键基因在雌雄花完整发育过程中的表达模式；最后利用关键激素分别处理柿雌花和雄花，分析处理后的花的性别分化变化情况和关键基因的表达量差异，从而阐明柿花性别分化的基因表达和激素调控机理。本研究可为人工培育柿雄性资源提供理论依据，进而促进柿杂交育种工作的深入开展。

中文关键词： 柿；花性别分化；基因表达；植物激素；形态学观察

英文摘要： Most varieties of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) bear female flowers, while a small number of varieties are monoecious. Additionally, a few varieties bear male, female and hermaphrodite flowers on a same tree, and a very few varieties just bear male flowers. The regulatory mechanism of sex differentiation of persimmon flowers has not been investigated. The lack of male resources strongly restricts hybridization of persimmon. In order to cultivate male resources artificially, the regulatory mechanism of persimmon flower sex differentiation should be investigated. Thus, female, male and hermaphrodite flowers will be used to observe the development of pistil and stamen through paraffin method and scanning electron microscope, through which the critical morphological period of sex differentiation can be determined. Subsequently, flowers with three different sex types collected from a same ‘Zenjimaru’ tree will be used for transcriptome sequencing, comparative analysis and phytohormone determination. Thus, the crucial gene and phytohormone as well as their relationship, which regulate sex differentiation will be revealed. Then, the expression pattern of crucial gene in the female and male flowers during development will be investigated. Finally, crucial phytohormone will be sprayed on female and male flowers, and the difference of sex differentiation and gene expression level of these treated flowers will be determined, through which the regulatory mechanism of gene expression and phytohormone on the sex differentiation of persimmon flowers will be clarified. These results will be helpful to improve the hybridization of persimmon through promoting the cultivation of male resources artificially.

英文关键词： Diospyros kaki;sex differentiation of flowers;gene expression;phytohormone;morphological investigation