基于宏基因组学的铬污染土壤微生物群落结构与功能研究

项目名称： 基于宏基因组学的铬污染土壤微生物群落结构与功能研究

项目编号： No.31500091

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 钟慧

作者单位： 中南大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： Cr(Ⅵ)污染是土壤重金属污染的重中之重，重金属污染土壤的微生物生态效应是研究的焦点，但目前没有Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤微生物宏基因组学研究的报道。项目拟以湖南典型Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤为对象，研究土壤重金属污染状况并进行风险评估；通过对Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤微生物宏基因组的研究，揭示Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤中的微生物群落结构与功能；将流式细胞分选技术与宏基因组学相结合，解析土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌群宏基因组，阐明Cr(Ⅵ)还原途径和能源利用机制；分离培养新的Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌并对新菌进行基因组测序和解析，来揭示Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌的分子遗传特征。本课题的开展实施，将在分子水平上揭示Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤环境中微生物生态效应，对进一步认识Cr(Ⅵ)还原微生物的多样性、开发基于微生物Cr(Ⅵ)还原钝化的土壤原位修复技术等方面具有重要的科学研究意义和潜在应用研究价值。

中文关键词： 宏基因组学；Cr(Ⅵ)还原微生物；土壤微生物；微生物生态

英文摘要： Chromium pollution is of uppermost priority of soil heavy metals pollution, and it is the focus to study the effect of heavy metals pollution on microbial ecology of soil, while currently there still has none any report on the microbial metagenomes of Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soil. In this project, we will study the typical Cr(Ⅵ) pollution of soil in Hunan and carry out risk assessment. The structure and function of microbial communities in the Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soil will be explored by metagenomics. Then metagenome of the Cr(Ⅵ)-reducing microbial communities will be studied to elucidate their pathway of Cr(Ⅵ)-reduction and mechanisms of energy utilization. Novel Cr(Ⅵ)-reducing bacterial strains will be expected to be isolated by new culture formula basing on the upon metagenomics study. Then genomes of novel strains will be sequenced and analyzed to reveal their Molecular genetic characteristics. The implement of the this project will disclose the response of microbial ecology to Cr(Ⅵ) pollution at the molecular level. This work is also very promising and meaningful in cognizing the diversity of Cr(Ⅵ)-reducing microbes and development of in situ rehabilitation technologies of soil heavy metal pollutions.

英文关键词： metagenomics;Cr(Ⅵ) reducing microbes;soil microbes;microbial ecology