贵州石漠化土地生物炭修复对土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的影响

项目名称： 贵州石漠化土地生物炭修复对土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性的影响

项目编号： No.41503080

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 地球化学

项目作者： 唐源

作者单位： 中国科学院地球化学研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 土地退化是全球最严重的环境问题之一。石漠化是贵州喀斯特地区最主要的土地退化方式，面积达4.11E+06 hm2，未来还将进一步扩大，如何在保证现有土地资源和粮食产量前提下遏制其退化就显得尤为重要。近年来兴起的生物质炭化还田技术，有望实现石漠化土地生态修复。认识生物炭修复过程中土壤微生物多样性变化对预防土地退化具有重要科学意义和实际应用价值。为此，本项目拟以生物炭长期定位试验为基础，利用现代高通量测序技术、结合传统定量PCR和基因克隆文库等分析方法，系统研究不同作物种植制度下（玉米和油菜）土壤细菌和真菌群落结构和功能多样性随生物炭施入量的变化，据此认识不同种植模式中生物炭敏感指示微生物类群，揭示微生物群落组成和多样性变化对生物炭的响应阈值及主要驱动因子，阐明生物炭输入对土壤微生物群落结构与功能多样性的影响机制与规律，为预测微生物介导的石漠化土地生态修复和碳、氮生物地球化学循环提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 土壤微生物；多样性；石漠化土地；生物炭；高通量测序

英文摘要： Land degradation is one of the most serious environmental problems in all the word. Rocky desertification is one of main type of land degradation in the karst region of Guizhou province, which has an area of about 4.11E+06 hm2 and will continue to expand in the future. How to protect land sources, grain output and restrain its degradation is of particular importance. The technology of returning biochars to fields is one of the latest hi-technologies, which promotes ecological restoration in rocky desertification areas. Understanding changes of soil microbial diversity under the biochar remediation is of great scientific and practical importance for preventing land degradation. Aiming at this problem, using pyrosequencing technique, quantitative PCR and genomic library, the project intends to study changes of soil microbial community structural and functional diversity (bacteria and fungi) response to biochar applications on the basis of a long-term biochar experiment under different crop patterns (corn and rapeseed). Hereby, 1) responds of the sensitive microbial community indicators to biochars under different crop patterns are investigated. 2) thresholds and main driving factors of soil microbial communities to biochars are revealed. 3) response patterns and mechanisms of microbial community structural and functional diversity to biochar applications are discussed. This research will provide scientific basis for ecological restorations and C, N biogeochemical cycles in rocky desertification lands mediated by soil microorganisms.

英文关键词： soil microorganisms;diversity;rocky desertification land;biochar;pyrosequencing