项目名称: 美国地区的P波速度和各向异性结构研究
项目编号: No.41474043
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2015
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 王建
作者单位: 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
项目金额: 95万元
中文摘要: 东太平洋板块和胡安德富卡板块的俯冲作用有可能导致北美克拉通岩石圈发生破坏。因此,美国地区是研究俯冲带动力学和克拉通破坏的理想区域之一。先前的地震层析成像和剪切波分裂等研究得到了该地区上地幔速度和各向异性结构,但绝大多数为方位各向异性结构,最近的面波成像尽管得到了该地区上地幔的径向各向异性结构,但分辨率较低。方位各向异性能反映介质在水平面上的变形或流动方向,而径向各向异性则反映介质是以水平运动为主或垂向运动为主的重要信息。因此,本项目将利用USArray台站记录到的近震、远震P波到时数据及最新发展的各向异性层析成像方法,去获取高分辨率的美国地区上地幔的P波三维速度、方位及径向各项异性结构,并综合面波成像得到的各向异性结构、SKS剪切波分裂、地球动力学数值模拟等地学结果,探讨该地区的岩石圈成因、大洋板块俯冲对软流圈运动的影响作用,为大陆演化及俯冲带的动力学研究工作提供新的地学证据。
中文关键词: 地震层析成像;各向异性;太平洋板块;北美克拉通
英文摘要: The lithosphere of North American Craton has been destructed possibly by the subductions from the eastern Pacific slab and Juan de Fuca slab. Therefore, the United States is one of the ideal natural laboratories to investigate the geodynamics of subduction zone and cratonic destruction. The previous studies of seismic tomography and shear-wave splitting have mostly revealed the velocity and azimuthal anisotropy of the upper mantle beneath the United States, but little knowledge about the radial anisotropy. Although recent surface tomography provided information on radial anisotropy there, the resolution is low. In this study, we will present P wave anisotropic tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath the United States using a large number of high-quality arrival-time data of local and teleseismic events recorded by the USArray. Our results will show 3-D high-resolution models of P wave velocity, azimuthal anisotropy, and radial anisotropy there. We will study the results by combining the velocity and anisotropy structures in the United States to discuss the formation mechanism of lithosphere and the influences to the mantle flow from subduction of oceanic slabs, in comparison with the previous work of tomography, shear-wave splitting measurements, and numerical simulations. We think the work will shed new light on the continental evolution and geodynamics of subduction zones.
英文关键词: Seismic tomography;Anisotropy;Pacific slab;North American Craton