项目名称: 地面微地震四维聚焦成像方法研究
项目编号: No.41204101
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 地球物理学和空间物理学
项目作者: 潘树林
作者单位: 西南石油大学
项目金额: 22万元
中文摘要: 地面微地震技术作为一种新型的微地震工作方式有着很好的发展前景。微震事件的产生时间,事件的三维坐标都是需要确定的。地面微地震监测技术最大的难点在于地面资料信噪比极低,无法像井中资料那样直接拾取有效信号到达时间,利用到达时间进行震源反演。针对这个问题,采用理论结合实际数据验证的方法,提出了直接使用地面微震资料进行偏移成像。方法首先对地面微震资料进行预处理,使用单道奇异值分解(SVD)方法去除噪音。然后利用射孔资料根据检波器到达时差求取地下介质的速度场结构。最后根据地表检波器的三维坐标和速度场结构通过绕射扫描偏移归位的方法直接对地下震源点位置成像,这种成像方法充分考虑了微震事件激发时间和微震事件地下三维坐标,称为四维聚焦成像法。这种方法获得的三维能量谱图直接反映了地下裂缝的具体信息。研究成果为地面微震处理奠定了基础,对促进国内油气田特别是低渗透油气藏和页岩气的开发有重要的理论和实际意义。
中文关键词: 地面微地震;奇异值分解;速度反演;检波器到达时差;四维聚焦成像
英文摘要: As a new work way on microseism, surface microseismic technology has great prospects. The occurrence time and three-dimensional coordinates information of microseismic events are needed to confirm.Positioning exact locations of effective events is the key of microseismic monitoring method. The difficulty of surface microseismic monitoring technology lies in the extremely low SNR of surface datas.Unlike downhole microseismic data, it is impracticable to pick the arrival time of effective signal directly, and get source inversion based on the arrival time.However, it is an effective solution to image using surface microseismic data directly.At first, doing surface microseismic data preprocessing, most of noise can be removed by using single-channel SVD method.And then, according to time difference of arrival(TDOA) to directors, velocity field structure of medium under the ground can be acquired from perforating data. Finally, accroding to three-dimensional coordinates of surface detectors and velocity structure, seismic source images are acquired directly by using diffraction scanning migration method. The occurrence time and three-dimensional coordinates information of microseismic events are considered adequately in this method, we call it four-dimensional focus imaging method.Three-dimensional energy spectra a
英文关键词: Surface microseismic;singular value decomposition;velocity inversion;time difference of arrival to directors;four-dimensional focus imaging method