北方雨养春小麦适应气候暖干化的机理研究

项目名称： 北方雨养春小麦适应气候暖干化的机理研究

项目编号： No.41501118

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 贺勇

作者单位： 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 中国东北和华北地区是雨养春小麦的主产区。近几十年来这些地区的气候呈现明显的暖干化趋势，由此引起农业气候资源的改变，并对这些区域春小麦生长发育和产量形成产生了显著影响。研究雨养春小麦适应气候暖干化的机理可以为气候变化背景下中国雨养春小麦生产的可持续发展提供科学依据。本研究以典型半干旱（内蒙古中东部）和半湿润（黑龙江省中北部）春小麦种植区为研究区域，以多个农业气象站多年观测资料和不同气候情景数据为基础，结合申请者在前期有关作物模型改进和播种期的模拟工作，模拟不同播种期与品种调整方案下，雨养春小麦对气候暖干化的响应特征。在此基础上，分析春小麦品种调整（作物自适应）和播种期调整（人为适应）之间的交互作用，并提出两种气候类型区雨养春小麦生产充分利用作物自适应机制与人为适应机制优化配置的气候智能型栽培模式。

中文关键词： 气候变化；雨养春小麦；作物模型；适应机理

英文摘要： The Northeast China and North China are the main rain-fed spring wheat producing areas in China. The agroclimatic resources in these locations have changed due to significant warming and drying climate change during the last decade, which therefore led to critical influence on growth development and yield production of spring wheat. Conducting research on adaptation mechanisms of rain-fed spring wheat in response to warming and drying climate can provide significant scientific foundations for sustainable development of rain-fed spring wheat production. We select the semi-arid (Middle-eastern Inner Mongolia) and semi-humid (Northern Heilongjiang) regions as typical study areas. Based on the observed long-term data from agricultural meteorological stations, different climate scenarios and our previous work on model development on phenology simulation, we will simulate the growth and development processes of spring wheat under different seeding dates and phonological genotypes in response to warming and drying climate. We will also analyze the interactions effect of cultivar adjustment (crop self-adaptation) and seeding date adjustment (artificial adaptation). Consequently, a resource optimization model in a climate-smart agriculture way will be proposed on how to make full use of crop self-adaptation and artificial adaptation of rain-fed spring wheat under the two climate types.

英文关键词： climate change;rain-fed spring wheat ;crop growth model;adaptation mechanisms