农田氧化亚氮排放和产量对水氮输入以及气候变化的综合响应

项目名称： 农田氧化亚氮排放和产量对水氮输入以及气候变化的综合响应

项目编号： No.41201098

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 邢洪涛

作者单位： 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 水氮输入水平和气候变化与波动显著地影响着华北平原的农业生产、农田水分和养分利用效率以及温室气体-氧化亚氮的排放。农田氧化亚氮排放依赖于不同土壤剖面铵态氮和硝态氮浓度分别响应相应的土壤水分、温度，而这一过程又决定于气候条件与水肥管理措施。这些复杂交互作用带来了定量化的不确定性，从而制约了减少农田氧化亚氮排放的最佳农田水氮管理的研究。本项目拟在作物－水分和养分关系实验和农田土壤氧化亚氮通量观测的基础上，1）探讨土壤氧化亚氮排放对土壤剖面的水分、温度以及氨态氮和硝态氮浓度的响应机制；2）分析多个气象要素变化和水氮输入水平对作物产量、水分和养分利用效率以及土壤氧化亚氮排放的综合影响；3）将基于土壤生物化学过程为土壤机理模型引入农业系统模型，检验和验证该农业系统模型在反映作物生长和土壤碳氮过程对气候变化的响应能力，通过情景分析，探索气候变化/波动背景下，减少土壤氧化亚氮排放的优化农田水氮管理方案。

中文关键词： 氧化亚氮；APSIM；华北平原；不确定性；潜在误差

英文摘要： Crop yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrous oxide emission in the North China Plain (NCP) are significantly influenced by irrigation, fertilizer applications and climate change/variability. Nitrous oxide emission from soil is controlled by nitrification and denitrification, which determined by soil water content, temperature, and the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the soil profiles. These factors are highly related to agricultural practices and climate. The complicate interactions among these processes results in the large uncertainty of quantification in predictions, which greatly limit the understanding of nitrous oxide emission over farm land, and evaluations for the 'Best Management Practices'. This will lead to decrease nitrous oxide emission and maintain high-efficient agricultural output in the North China Plain (NCP) in adaptation to climate change. This project will conduct three years field experiments with two irrigation levels and four fertilizer application levels to reveal crop production, dynamics of soil moisture, temperature, concentrations of nitrate and ammonium over the 0-100cm soil profiles, and nitrous oxide fluxes at the soil surface. The aims are to 1) study the response of nitrous oxide emission to 0-100 cm soil water content, temperature, and concentrations of

英文关键词： Nitrous oxide；APSIM；North China Plain；uncertainty；potential error