New paradigms and agenda of human factors research in the intelligence age

Our recent research shows that the design philosophy of human factors research in the intelligence age is expanding from "user-centered design" to "user-centered design 2.0" and "human-centered AI", and the human-machine relationship presents a trans-era evolution from "human-machine interaction" to "human-machine teaming". These changes have raised new questions and challenges for human factors research, compelling us to re-examine the paradigm and agenda of human factors research that was traditionally based on non-intelligent technologies. In this context, this paper reviews the cross-generational expansion of the human factors research paradigm and summarizes the new conceptual models and frameworks we proposed to enrich the human factors research paradigm, including a human-agent teaming model, a human-agent joint cognitive ecosystem framework, and an intelligent sociotechnical systems framework. This paper further enhances these concepts and looks forward to the corresponding application of these concepts and future research agenda. This paper also looks forward to the future agenda of human factors research from three aspects: "human-AI interaction", "intelligent human-machine interface", and "human-machine teaming". It analyzes the role of human factors research paradigms on future research agendas. We believe that the research paradigms and the research agenda influence and promote each other. Human factors research in the intelligence age needs diversified and innovative research paradigms, thereby further promoting the development of human factors science.