Digital money can be implemented efficiently by avoiding consensus. However, no-consensus implementations have drawbacks, as they cannot support smart contracts, and (even more fundamentally) they cannot deal with conflicting transactions. We present a novel protocol that combines the benefits of an asynchronous, broadcast-based digital currency, with the capacity to perform consensus. This is achieved by selectively performing consensus a posteriori, i.e., only when absolutely necessary. Our on-demand consensus comes at the price of restricting the byzantine participants to be less than a one-fifth minority in the system, which we show to be the optimal threshold. We formally prove the correctness of our system and present an open-source implementation, which inherits many features from the Ethereum ecosystem.
翻译：数字货币可以通过避免达成共识来高效实施。 但是,“不协商一致”的执行是有缺点的,因为它们不能支持智能合同,而且(甚至更根本地说)它们不能处理相互冲突的交易。 我们提出了一个新协议,将非同步的、以广播为基础的数字货币的好处与实现协商一致的能力结合起来。这是通过事后有选择地执行协商一致来实现的,也就是说,只有在绝对必要的情况下。我们按需达成的共识的代价是,限制旁占庭参与者在系统中的少数人数,而我们则表明这是最好的门槛。我们正式证明了我们的系统是正确的,并提出了开放源的实施,它继承了Etheum生态系统的许多特征。
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