Implementation plans for the National Institutes of Health policy for data management and sharing, which takes effect in 2023, provide an opportunity to reflect on the stakeholders, infrastructures, practice, economics, and sustainability of data sharing. Responsibility for fulfilling data sharing requirements tends to fall on principal investigators, whereas it takes a village of stakeholders to construct, manage, and sustain the necessary knowledge infrastructure for disseminating data products. Individual scientists have mixed incentives, and many disincentives to share data, all of which vary by research domain, methods, resources, and other factors. Motivations and investments for data sharing also vary widely among academic institutional stakeholders such as university leadership, research computing, libraries, and individual schools and departments. Stakeholder concerns are interdependent along many dimensions, seven of which are explored: what data to share; context and credit; discovery; methods and training; intellectual property; data science programs; and international tensions. Data sharing is not a simple matter of individual practice, but one of infrastructure, institutions, and economics. Governments, funding agencies, and international science organizations all will need to invest in commons approaches for data sharing to develop into a sustainable international ecosystem.
翻译:2023年生效的国家卫生研究所数据管理和共享政策执行计划,为反思利益攸关方、基础设施、实践、经济学和数据共享的可持续性提供了机会;满足数据共享要求的责任往往由主要调查人员承担,而需要一个利益攸关方村来建设、管理和保持数据产品传播所需的知识基础设施; 科学家个人有多种激励因素和许多阻碍共享数据的因素,所有这些因素因研究领域、方法、资源及其他因素而异; 学术机构利益攸关方如大学领导、研究计算、图书馆和个别学校和部门在数据共享方面的变动和投资也大不相同; 利益攸关方的关切在许多方面是相互依存的,其中七个方面是探讨的:哪些数据可以共享;背景和信贷;发现;方法和培训;知识产权;数据科学方案;以及国际紧张关系; 数据共享不是简单的个人实践问题,而是一个基础设施、机构和经济问题; 各国政府、供资机构和国际科学组织都需要投资于共享数据的共同方法,以发展可持续的国际生态系统。