Researchers increasingly explore deploying brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for able-bodied users, with the motivation of accessing mental states more directly than allowed by existing body-mediated interaction. This motivation seems to contradict the long-standing HCI emphasis on embodiment, namely the general claim that the body is crucial for cognition. This paper addresses this apparent contradiction through a review of insights from embodied cognition and interaction. We first critically examine the recent interest in BCIs and identify the extent cognition in the brain is integrated with the wider body as a central concern for research. We then define the implications of an integrated view of cognition for interface design and evaluation. A counterintuitive conclusion we draw is that embodiment per se should not imply a preference for body movements over brain signals. Yet it can nevertheless guide research by 1) providing body-grounded explanations for BCI performance, 2) proposing evaluation considerations that are neglected in modular views of cognition, and 3) through the direct transfer of its design insights to BCIs. We finally reflect on HCI's understanding of embodiment and identify the neural dimension of embodiment as hitherto overlooked.
翻译:研究人员越来越多地探索为身体健全的用户部署大脑-计算机界面(BCIs),其动机是更直接地接触心理状态,而不是现有身体媒介互动所允许的状态。这种动机似乎与长期存在的HCI对化身的强调相矛盾,即一般声称身体对认知至关重要。本文通过审查内含认知和互动的洞察力来解决这一明显的矛盾。我们首先认真研究最近对BCIs的兴趣,并查明大脑内认知与更广泛的身体融合的程度,作为研究的中心问题。然后我们界定对界面设计和评估的综合认知观点的影响。我们得出的一个反直觉结论是,自我体现本身不应意味着对身体运动的偏好于大脑信号。然而,它可以指导研究,1)为BCI的性能提供基于身体的解释,2)提出在对视觉的模块观点中被忽视的评价考虑,3)通过直接向BCIs转移其设计见解。我们最后思考HCI对化学的理解,并查明目前忽视的化术的神经方面。</s>