Simple and accurate expressions for path gain are derived from electromagnetic fundamentals in a wide variety of common environments, including Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) indoor urban canyons, urban/rural macro, outdoor-indoor and suburban streets with vegetation. Penetration into a scattering region, sometimes aided by guiding, is the "universal" phenomenon shared by the diverse morphologies. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors against extensive measurements are under 5 dB, better than 3GPP models by 1-12 dB RMS, depending on environment. In urban canyons the models have 4.7 dB RMS error, as compared to 7.9 dB from linear fit to data and 13.9/17.2 dB from LOS/NLOS 3GPP models. The theoretical path gains depend on distance as a power law with exponents from a small set {1.5, 2, 2.5, 4}, specific to each morphology. This provides a theoretical justification for widely used power law empirical models. Only coarse environmental data is needed as parameters: street width, building height, vegetation depth, wall material and antenna heights.
翻译:获取路径的简单和准确的表达方式来自多种共同环境中的电磁基质,包括视觉线(LOS)和无视觉线(NLOS)室内城市峡谷、城市/农村宏观、户外和郊区街道以及植被。渗透到一个散布区域,有时通过指导帮助,是不同形态共有的“普遍”现象。相对于广泛测量的根平方(RMS)错误在5 dB之下,比1,12 dB RMS的3GPP模型好,这取决于环境。在城市峡谷中,模型有4.7 dB RMS错误,相比之下,从线性到数据为7.9 dB,从LOS/NLOS 3GPP模型为13.9/17.2 dB。理论路径的增益取决于距离法,即每个形态所特有的[1.5, 2, 2.5, 4}。这为广泛使用的权力法实验模型提供了理论依据。只有粗略的环境数据需要作为参数:街道宽度、建筑高度、植被深度、壁高和天线。