Automatically Answering and Generating Machine Learning Final Exams

Can a machine learn machine learning? We propose to answer this question using the same criteria we use to answer a similar question: can a human learn machine learning? We automatically answer final exams in MIT's, Harvard's and Cornell's large machine learning courses and generate new questions at a human level. Recently, program synthesis and few-shot learning solved university-level problem set questions in mathematics and STEM courses at a human level. In this work, we solve questions from final exams that differ from problem sets in several ways: the questions are longer, have multiple parts, are more complicated, and span a broader set of topics. We provide a new dataset and benchmark of questions from machine learning final exams and code for automatically answering these questions and generating new questions. To make our dataset a reproducible benchmark, we use automatic checkers for multiple choice questions, questions with numeric answers, and questions with expression answers, and evaluate a large free language model, Meta's OPT, and compare the results with Open AI's GPT-3, ChatGPT, and Codex. A student survey comparing the quality, appropriateness, and difficulty of machine-generated questions with human-written questions shows that across multiple aspects, machine-generated questions are indistinguishable from human-generated questions and are suitable for final exams. We perform ablation studies comparing zero-shot learning with few-shot learning, chain-of-thought prompting, GPT-3, ChatGPT, and OPT pre-trained on text and Codex fine-tuned on code on a range of machine learning topics and find that few-shot learning methods perform best. We make our data and code publicly available for the machine learning community.