广义透孢黑团壳属Massarina分类与分子系统学研究

项目名称： 广义透孢黑团壳属Massarina分类与分子系统学研究

项目编号： No.31500017

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张凰

作者单位： 昆明理工大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 透孢黑团壳属真菌Massarina是子囊菌门座囊菌纲格孢腔菌目中的重要类群，该属真菌在维持生态系统平衡及促进人类健康等方面发挥着重要作用。由于不同研究者关注的重点结构或形态不同，属内176个种分类混乱，异质种所占比例非常大，且与相似属易混淆，单一形态学的对比研究已然不能满足该属分类研究的需要。此外，该属真菌在国内仅有少数报道，其物种资源有待发掘。基于此，本项目将结合西南地区真菌资源丰富的优势，通过广泛而系统地样品采集，采用多基因片段及形态学特征相结合的多相分类方法对该属进行系统学研究，重新评估该属的分类特征，确定稳定可靠的能反映自然亲缘关系的形态特征；系统分析其属内种间和相似属间遗传演化的关系，清理异质性种类，保证该属的单系性；调查该属真菌的物种资源。本项目将为该属真菌的准确鉴定提供客观、可靠的依据，为进一步开发该属真菌资源提供数据支持，对于认识我国真菌物种多样性及资源保护具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 系统发育分析；子囊菌；真菌资源；有性型-无性型对应关系；分子系统学

英文摘要： The genus Massarina belongs to Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota. They play important roles in maintaining ecosystem balance and promoting human health. The taxonomic placements of 176 species are still confused because of the obscure protologue. Meanwhile, generic borderlines between Massarina and its allies were drawn arbitrarily, leading to difficulty to distinguish these similar genera. Thus, the descriptions of generic characters were revised by several researchers. However, different morphological characters were focused by different researchers, such as shape, colour, septum, sheath of ascospores, which resulted in different descriptions of generic characters. Obviously, the traditional morphology study is not satisfied for identification of Massarina. Fungal molecular characters, namely DNA, are more stable than morphological characters, which are not affected by conditions so that DNA data can better reflect evolution relationships of different fungal groups. The classification of Massarina could also be conducted by molecular systematics. Unfortunately, only few researchers carried out molecular systematic studies for Massarina. Summarizing the literatures, only 20 species were sequenced. Their phylogenetic studies showed that the number of heterogeneous species in Massarina was large as identified by 18 excluded species and only 2 reserved species. Another 34 species were combined in similar genera based on morphological characters. The classifications of these species are not convinced due to lack of molecular data. The rest of 122 species were also not sequenced for supporting their affiliation in Massarina.Teleomorph–anamorph connection is significant for establishing classification placement of anamorph, which is a hot topic in fungal study. Molecular systematics method, which is building phylogenetic tree, demonstrated good feasibility and validity of teleomorph–anamorph connection. Additionally, until now, only a few species of Massarina have been reported in China, indicating that the species resources are awaiting exploration. Fungal diversity is abundant in southwest of China, especially in Yunnan province due to the diversity of climate, altitude, temperature, soil and plant. Therefore, specimens will be easy to collect in this region. The aims of this study are: 1) to conduct systematic analyses base on combined data of morphological characters and multi-gene; 2) to reevaluate morphological character with phylogenetic significance of Massarina; 3) to analyze the phylogenetic relationships between Massarina and similar genera to establish a monophyletic genus; 4) to investigate the diversity of Massarina species in China. This research will provide a basic database for the identification and utilization of Massarina species and would be significant for understanding fungal diversity and enriching fungal resources of China.

英文关键词： Phylogenetic analysis;Ascomycetes;Fungal resource;Teleomorph-anamorph connection;Molecular systematics