Blockchain technology enables stakeholders to conduct trusted data sharing and exchange without a trusted centralized institution. These features make blockchain applications attractive to enhance trustworthiness in very different contexts. Due to unique design concepts and outstanding performance, blockchain has become a popular research topic in industry and academia in recent years. Every participant is anonymous in a permissionless blockchain represented by cryptocurrency applications such as Bitcoin. In this situation, some special incentive mechanisms are applied to permissionless blockchain, such as mined native cryptocurrency to solve the trust issues of permissionless blockchain. In many use cases, permissionless blockchain has bottlenecks in transaction throughput performance, which restricts further application in the real world. A permissioned blockchain can reach a consensus among a group of entities that do not establish an entire trust relationship. Unlike permissionless blockchains, the participants must be identified in permissioned blockchains. By relying on the traditional crash fault-tolerant consensus protocols, permissioned blockchains can achieve high transaction throughput and low latency without sacrificing security. However, how to balance the security and consensus efficiency is still the issue that needs to be solved urgently in permissioned blockchains. As the core module of blockchain technology, the consensus algorithm plays a vital role in the performance of the blockchain system. Thus, this paper proposes a new consensus algorithm for permissioned blockchain, the Risk Assessment-based Consensus protocol (RAC), combined with the decentralized design concept and the risk-node assessment mechanism to address the unbalance issues of performance in speed, scalability, and security.
翻译:屏障技术使利益攸关方能够在没有受信任的中央机构的情况下进行信任的数据共享和交换。这些特征使得链条应用程序具有吸引力,以便在非常不同的情况下提高信任性。由于独特的设计概念和杰出的绩效,链条近年来已成为行业和学术界的一个热门研究课题。每个参与者都匿名进入一个无许可的连锁链,例如Bitcoin。在这种情况下,一些特殊的激励机制被应用于无许可的连锁链,例如埋设的本地隐秘货币,以解决无许可的连锁系统的信任问题。在许多使用案例中,无许可的连锁系统在交易过量性方面有瓶颈,这限制了在现实世界中的进一步应用。一个允许的连锁系统可以在一个不建立整个信任关系的实体团体之间达成共识。与无许可的连锁系统不同,参与者必须在允许的连锁链中识别一个无权限的连锁链。 允许的连锁系统可以在不牺牲安全的前提下实现高额交易和低弹性的连锁。然而,如何平衡安全和共识效率的问题仍然是需要在实际世界中立即解决的连锁性问题,在允许的连锁系统内, 提出一个可实现共识的连锁系统。