Applying image processing algorithms independently to each frame of a video often leads to undesired inconsistent results over time. Developing temporally consistent video-based extensions, however, requires domain knowledge for individual tasks and is unable to generalize to other applications. In this paper, we present an efficient end-to-end approach based on deep recurrent network for enforcing temporal consistency in a video. Our method takes the original unprocessed and per-frame processed videos as inputs to produce a temporally consistent video. Consequently, our approach is agnostic to specific image processing algorithms applied on the original video. We train the proposed network by minimizing both short-term and long-term temporal losses as well as the perceptual loss to strike a balance between temporal stability and perceptual similarity with the processed frames. At test time, our model does not require computing optical flow and thus achieves real-time speed even for high-resolution videos. We show that our single model can handle multiple and unseen tasks, including but not limited to artistic style transfer, enhancement, colorization, image-to-image translation and intrinsic image decomposition. Extensive objective evaluation and subject study demonstrate that the proposed approach performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods on various types of videos.
翻译:将图像处理算法独立应用到视频的每个框中,往往会导致时间上不理想的不一致结果。然而,开发具有时间一致性的视频扩展,需要针对单个任务的域知识,无法概括其他应用。在本文中,我们展示了基于深度重复网络的高效端对端方法,以在视频中执行时间一致性。我们的方法将原始未经处理的和每个框架处理的视频作为投入,以产生一个时间上一致的视频。因此,我们的方法对在原始视频上应用的具体图像处理算法是不可知的。我们通过将短期和长期时间损失以及视觉损失最小化来培训拟议的网络,以便在时间稳定性和与处理过的框架的感性相似性之间取得平衡。在测试时,我们的模型不需要计算光学流,从而实现实时速度,即使高分辨率视频也是如此。我们显示,我们单一模型可以处理多种和看不见的任务,包括但不限于艺术风格的传输、增强、色彩化、图像到图像的翻译和内置图像的解剖。广度客观评价和主题研究方法显示,对各种类型的拟议偏向式视频方法进行偏好。