The appearances of children are inherited from their parents, which makes it feasible to predict them. Predicting realistic children's faces may help settle many social problems, such as age-invariant face recognition, kinship verification, and missing child identification. It can be regarded as an image-to-image translation task. Existing approaches usually assume domain information in the image-to-image translation can be interpreted by "style", i.e., the separation of image content and style. However, such separation is improper for the child face prediction, because the facial contours between children and parents are not the same. To address this issue, we propose a new disentangled learning strategy for children's face prediction. We assume that children's faces are determined by genetic factors (compact family features, e.g., face contour), external factors (facial attributes irrelevant to prediction, such as moustaches and glasses), and variety factors (individual properties for each child). On this basis, we formulate predictions as a mapping from parents' genetic factors to children's genetic factors, and disentangle them from external and variety factors. In order to obtain accurate genetic factors and perform the mapping, we propose a ChildPredictor framework. It transfers human faces to genetic factors by encoders and back by generators. Then, it learns the relationship between the genetic factors of parents and children through a mapping function. To ensure the generated faces are realistic, we collect a large Family Face Database to train ChildPredictor and evaluate it on the FF-Database validation set. Experimental results demonstrate that ChildPredictor is superior to other well-known image-to-image translation methods in predicting realistic and diverse child faces. Implementation codes can be found at https://github.com/zhaoyuzhi/ChildPredictor.
翻译:儿童的外观是从父母那里传来的,因此可以预测。预测现实的儿童面孔可能有助于解决许多社会问题,例如年龄差异的面孔识别、亲属核实和丢失儿童身份识别等。这可以被视为图像到图像的翻译任务。现有方法通常假定图像到图像翻译中的域信息可以用“风格”来解释,即图像内容和风格的分离。然而,这种分离对于儿童面对的预测来说是不恰当的,因为儿童与父母之间的面部脸孔相形形色色体不同。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新的儿童面部差异化学习战略。我们假设儿童的脸是由遗传因素(复合家庭特征,例如脸部等)决定的,外在因素(与预测无关的自然属性,例如将图像内容与图像内容和风格分开)以及各种因素(每个儿童的个人属性)来解释的。在此基础上,我们将预测作为从父母的遗传因素到儿童遗传因素的轨迹评估,并让儿童面对外部和各种因素的分解。我们从外部和各种因素中学习儿童基因关系。为了获取精确的遗传因素,我们从儿童基因统计到随后的变基因学,我们从儿童变基因学到变基因学的功能。我们通过计算出一个人类基因因素,通过基因变基因因素来发现一个人类的变基因因素,通过基因变基因学和变基因变基因变的功能,我们从儿童。