[HHM20] discovered, for 7 pairs (C,D) of seemingly distinct standard electoral control types, that C and D are identical: For each input I and each election system, I is a "yes" instance of both C and D, or of neither. Surprisingly this had gone undetected, even as the field was score-carding how many standard control types election systems were resistant to; various "different" cells on such score cards were, unknowingly, duplicate effort on the same issue. This naturally raises the worry that other pairs of control types are also identical, and so work still is being needlessly duplicated. We determine, for all standard control types, which pairs are, for elections whose votes are linear orderings of the candidates, always identical. We show that no identical control pairs exist beyond the known 7. We for 3 central election systems determine which control pairs are identical ("collapse") with respect to those particular systems, and we explore containment/incomparability relationships between control pairs. For approval voting, which has a different "type" for its votes, [HHM20]'s 7 collapses still hold. But we find 14 additional collapses that hold for approval voting but not for some election systems whose votes are linear orderings. We find 1 additional collapse for veto. We prove that each of the 3 election systems mentioned have no collapses other than those inherited from [HHM20] or added here. But we show many new containment relationships that hold between some separating control pairs, and for each separating pair of standard types classify its separation in terms of containment (always, and strict on some inputs) or incomparability. Our work, for the general case and these 3 important election systems, clarifies the landscape of the 44 standard control types, for each pair collapsing or separating them, and also providing finer-grained information on the separations.
翻译:对于7对看似截然不同的标准选举控制类型(C,D)而言,发现C和D是相同的:对于每个输入的I和每个选举系统,我是一个“是”的例子。对于每一个输入的I和每个选举系统,我是一个“是”的例子。令人惊讶的是,这没有被察觉到,即使这个字段对多少标准控制类型选举系统有抵触性的记分记录;对于这些计分卡上的各种“不同”的单元格在不知情的情况下重复了对同一问题的努力。这自然会让人担心,其他控制类型对的C和D是相同的:对于每一个输入的I和每个选举系统来说,我的工作仍然是不必要的重复。对于所有标准控制类型(C,D,D),我是一个“是肯定的”例子。对于候选人的直线性排序,我方总是一样。我们显示,除了已知的7. 我们三个中央选举系统确定哪对标准控制类型(“折叠”)与这些特定的系统是相同的,我们探索控制/不相容错的关系。对于对照的两对之间, 仍然有不同“类型 ” 。 对于选举的“类型, 我们发现每个选举的“类型是不同的“类型, 我们的“类型, ”在不同的“类型中, 我们的“类型是“类型, 运行中的“类型”的“类型是“类型,但是,我们保持每一个的”的“不动动动的“不动不动的” 。