Created by volunteers since 2004, OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a global geographic database available under an open access license and currently used by a multitude of actors worldwide. This chapter describes the role played by OSM during the early months (from January to July 2020) of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which - in contrast to past disasters and epidemics - is a global event impacting both developed and developing countries. A large number of COVID-19-related OSM use cases were collected and grouped into a number of research frameworks which are analyzed separately: dashboards and services simply using OSM as a basemap, applications using raw OSM data, initiatives to collect new OSM data, imports of authoritative data into OSM, and traditional academic research on OSM in the COVID-19 response. The wealth of examples provided in the chapter, including an analysis of OSM tile usage in two countries (Italy and China) deeply affected in the earliest months of 2020, prove that OSM has been and still is heavily used to address the COVID-19 crisis, although with types and mechanisms that are often different depending on the affected area or country and the related communities.
翻译:自2004年以来,由志愿人员创建的OpenStreetMap(OSM)是一个全球地理数据库,以开放存取许可证提供,目前全世界许多行为体都使用,本章介绍OSM在进行中的COVID-19大流行的最初几个月(从2020年1月至7月)所发挥的作用,这与过去的灾害和流行病不同,是影响发达国家和发展中国家的一个全球性事件。大量与COVID-19有关的COSM使用案例被收集起来,并分为若干单独分析的研究框架:光是使用OSM作为基础图的仪表板和服务、使用OSM原始数据的应用、收集OSM新数据、向OSM输入权威数据的举措、以及COVID-19反应中关于OSM的传统学术研究。该章中提供的大量实例,包括分析在2020年最初几个月里受严重影响的两个国家(意大利和中国)的OSM瓷砖的使用情况,证明OSM过去和现在仍然大量地用于应对COVID-19危机,但类型和机制往往因受影响地区或国家及相关社区而不同。