Deep neural network based methods are the state of the art in various image restoration problems. Standard supervised learning frameworks require a set of noisy measurement and clean image pairs for which a distance between the output of the restoration model and the ground truth, clean images is minimized. The ground truth images, however, are often unavailable or very expensive to acquire in real-world applications. We circumvent this problem by proposing a class of structured denoisers that can be decomposed as the sum of a nonlinear image-dependent mapping, a linear noise-dependent term and a small residual term. We show that these denoisers can be trained with only noisy images under the condition that the noise has zero mean and known variance. The exact distribution of the noise, however, is not assumed to be known. We show the superiority of our approach for image denoising, and demonstrate its extension to solving other restoration problems such as blind deblurring where the ground truth is not available. Our method outperforms some recent unsupervised and self-supervised deep denoising models that do not require clean images for their training. For blind deblurring problems, the method, using only one noisy and blurry observation per image, reaches a quality not far away from its fully supervised counterparts on a benchmark dataset.
翻译:以深神经网络为基础的方法是各种图像恢复问题中的艺术状态。标准监督的学习框架需要一套噪音测量和干净的图像配对,在恢复模型的输出与地面真相之间的距离上,将清洁的图像最小化。然而,地面的真相图像往往无法获取,或者在现实世界的应用中获取这些图像的成本往往非常昂贵。我们通过提出一组结构化的隐隐隐含剂来回避这一问题,这些隐含剂可以分解为非线性图像图象、线性噪音依赖术语和一个小的剩余术语的总和。我们显示,在噪音没有平均和已知差异的情况下,这些隐含剂只能用噪音来训练。但是,噪音的确切分布并不为人所知。我们展示了我们的图像分解方法的优越性,并展示了它在解决其他恢复问题方面的延伸,例如,在没有地面真相的地方,盲目分流。我们的方法超越了最近一些不需测量和自我校正的深度解的模型,而不需要清洁的图像来训练。对于盲人分辨的图像来说,没有明显的质量问题,我们只能用一种基准数据来彻底的模型来测量。