河流系统生态功能临界需水特性及计算模式研究

项目名称： 河流系统生态功能临界需水特性及计算模式研究

项目编号： No.50809063

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 苏飞

作者单位： 浙江省水利河口研究院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 河流生态需水规律是水资源管理领域研究中的难点和焦点问题，由于其复杂性目前还难以全面系统的对其过程进行深入细致研究。本项目研究以系统临界状态特征为切入点，以"河道-水-生物"单元系统生境临界需水为基础，通过水文循环的生态效应分析，从需水层次、生物完整性和稳定性功能出发，将生态临界功能转化为相应的河流生境阈值参数，应用植被和鱼类生态学原理，结合河流水文水动力模型，建立河流生态功能临界需水、渔获量-径流计算模式和方法，揭示了河流生态系统的多种水资源临界需求规律，是对河流系统生态需水研究理论的深化和丰富，也是河流生态修复技术的重要支撑依据。

中文关键词： 河流系统；生境临界参数；水文水动力模型；生态流量；计算模式

英文摘要： A difficult and focal problem in water resources management field is the rule of ecological water demand for a river system. The integrity processes of river ecosystem cause comprehensive and detailed researches unfeasibly at present. In this study, some critical state characteristics were regarded as breakthrough points on the problem. Based on the critical river ecosystem function of water demand with habitat threshold by" river-water-biology" unit, through the analysis on the ecological effects of the hydrological cycle, the corresponding critical ecosystem function was transformed into parameters for a river habitat threshold by applying vegetation and fish ecology theories which depend on water demand level and biology integrality and biology stability function. And methods for the critical water demand on ecosystem function and fishery yield-runoff model were established combined with the river hydrological hydrodynamic mode. Several critical water demand mechanisms of river system were revealed. All the works would deepen and enrich the study filed on ecological water demand for a river system, and provide important supports for ecological rehabilitation techniques to a river system.

英文关键词： river system;critical parameters of habitat;hydrological hydrodynamic model;ecological flow;computation mode