滨海湿地芦苇根际PAHs降解功能古菌群落组成与多样性研究

项目名称： 滨海湿地芦苇根际PAHs降解功能古菌群落组成与多样性研究

项目编号： No.41301333

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 马斌

作者单位： 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 微生物降解在植物根际有机污染物降解过程中起到重要作用。但目前根际多环芳烃微生物降解的研究常以细菌为主，对参与降解过程的古菌及其作用与贡献还需进一步明确。我国滨海湿地多环芳烃污染严重，湿地芦苇根际生物降解可能是区域性污染修复的重要途径。本项目拟以黄河三角洲滨海湿地的芦苇为取材来源,在室内构建根际梯度微域，通过添加选择性古菌及细菌抑制剂，探明芦苇根际古菌对多环芳烃降解的贡献率；利用稳定同位素探针与高通量测序技术，解析污染物添加后根际多环芳烃降解功能古菌的群落组成、相对丰度及其时空异质性；基于古菌群落16S rDNA序列信息构建根际古菌的虚拟宏基因组，探索古菌功能基因组与多环芳烃降解过程的联系。本项目旨在揭示滨海湿地芦苇根际参与多环芳烃降解的古菌群落组成与多样性，为植物根际古菌参与有机污染物降解的内在机理提供重要参考。

中文关键词： 根际梯度；生物降解；古菌；稳定同位素探针；宏基因组

英文摘要： Microbial degradation plays an important role in organic pollutant degradation in rhizosphere. However, studies on microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rhizosphere have mostly focused on eubacteria, relatively little is known on the identity, contribution and ecological mechanisms of archaea in PAH degradation in rhizosphere. The coastal wetlands in our country are generally polluted with PAHs severely. The microbial degradation in the rhizosphere of common reed (Phragmites australis), which is usually a dominant plant species in coastal wetland, represents a very important ecosystem function and service of coastal wetlands. This project focuses on archaea in the rhizosphere of the common reed originally collected from the Yellow River Delta, Shandong. By constructing spatial gradient in rhizosphere in the lab and applying selective inhibitors to bacteria and archaea, the relative contribution of archaea to the degradation of phenathrene will be quantified. By using stable isotope probing and high throughput sequencing, the identity, composition and relative abundances, and spatiotemperal dynamics of archaea that function in the degradation processes will be characterized. Based on 16S rDNA data of Archaea, archaea-related virtual metagenomes will be constructed and, aiming to exp

英文关键词： Rhizosphere gradient；bioremediation；Archaea；Stable isotope probing；metagenomics