基于肠道微生物基因组学和代谢组学对不同动物乳营养和功能的研究

项目名称： 基于肠道微生物基因组学和代谢组学对不同动物乳营养和功能的研究

项目编号： No.31460389

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 郭丽如

作者单位： 内蒙古农业大学

项目金额： 52万元

中文摘要： 乳中含有人体所需要的全部营养成分，而不同的动物乳营养价值和功能成分也是多元化的。目前对于各种动物乳营养及功能的评价，主要是应用物理化学方法测定乳的理化指标。然而，乳中营养物质消化吸收是在机体肠道进行的。而肠道微生物及其代谢共同担负着促进机体营养吸收，调节机体脂肪代谢，刺激肠道上皮细胞更新和调控机体免疫应答等重要作用。因此，评价动物乳营养物质和功能的最佳途径是基于体内动物模型。本研究拟从机体肠道微生物的角度，以大鼠摄入牛乳，牦牛乳，骆驼乳和马乳这 4 种不同动物乳后肠道菌群及其代谢产物发生的改变为独特切入点，深入研究不同动物乳的功能和营养价值。在技术层面，本项目联合使用宏基因组学和代谢组学技术，从肠道微生物群落结构和多样性的改变，微生物功能基因和代谢途径的改变以及代谢产物的变化等多个角度共同阐释不同动物乳的独特功能和营养价值。该项目为这4种动物乳的品质改良和功能食品应用提供重要参考。

中文关键词： 动物乳；肠道微生物；宏基因组学；代谢组学

英文摘要： Milk contains all the nutrients that are required by the human body, and milks from different animals possess unequal nutritional values and functions. Currently, the evaluation of milk nutritional value and function is primarily based on physical and chemical methods to determine specific parameters of various types of animal milks. However, the absorption and assimilation of milk nutritional ingredients take place in the host intestine, where trillions of intestinal microbes are hosted. Both the intestinal microbiota and its metabolism participate in important roles like enhancing the host nutrient absorption, modulating fatty acid metabolism, stimulating colonic epithelial cell regeneration and regulating immune responses. Therefore, the optimal way to evaluate the milk nutritional ingredients and functional components is via in vivo animal experimentation. The proposed project aims to evaluate the functional and nutritional values of animal milks from the perspective of host intestinal microbiota and their metabolism. The changes in the metagenome and metabonome of rats fed with milks from four different animals, including cow, yak, camel and horse, will be monitored. At the technical level, this project integrates the metagenomics and metabonomics approaches to elucidate the unique functional and nutritional values of various animal milks from different angles, including the changes in the structure and biodiversity of intestinal microbiota, as well as their gene function and metabolic network. This project provides important reference for the quality improvement and functional food application for these four types of animal milks.

英文关键词： animal milk;intestinal microbiota;metagenomics;metabonomics