石墨烯基面修饰多硫化物及其对剧毒重金属离子电化学传感研究

项目名称： 石墨烯基面修饰多硫化物及其对剧毒重金属离子电化学传感研究

项目编号： No.21505154

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 胡广志

作者单位： 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 石墨烯因其良好的导电性、大比表面、活性位点多等诸多优点，在剧毒重金属离子的电化学分析领域受到广泛关注。然而石墨烯的大部分功能化修饰活性位点位于石墨的边缘，占石墨烯大部分原子的基面碳则没有参与到对重金属的有效富集作用。本项目针对石墨烯碳基面的充分利用问题，开展基于石墨烯复合纳米材料的高灵敏度重金属电化学传感研究。项目拟以低成本多硫化物为石墨烯的功能化修饰剂，利用硫与重金属离子之间的强化学吸附作用达到对重金属离子的快速、有效富集重金属离子，通过考察不同链长的多硫化合物修饰石墨烯材料对重金属离子的富集能力、选择性和稳定性等因素，研究功能化修饰过程对石墨烯传感器的传感性能、灵敏度和选择性等的影响，从分子水平上揭示多硫化物功能化石墨烯材料对重金属离子的吸附机制和电子传递机制，建立高灵敏度、高选择性重金属电化学传感新材料和方法技术，为环境中剧毒重金属离子的检测和治理提供新的理论线索和实验依据。

中文关键词： 石墨烯功能化；多硫化物；复合纳米材料；电化学传感器；重金属离子

英文摘要： Graphene is attracting more and more interest in the electrochemical determination of toxic heavy metals due to its numerous advantages such as good conductivity, large surface area, and abundant active sites and so on. While most of the active sites are around the graphene nanosheet. The major of the single-layer graphene is basal carbon, which does not participate the effective accumulation of heavy metal ions. This project mainly focuses on the utilization of basal plane of graphene towards heavy metal sensing and then we plan to develop some electrochemical methods for detecting heavy metal ions based on graphene nanocomposite. In this project, we plan to use polysulfide as a surfactant of graphene as there is a strong chemical bond between sulfur and heavy metal ions and thus can be used for the fast and effective accumulation of heavy metal ions. By investigating the accumulation ability, sensitivity and selectivity of the polysulfide-graphene composite towards heavy metal ions, we will know the effects of the functionalization process of graphene towards the sensor performance, sensitivity and the relative selectivity, indicating the adsorption mechanism and electro transfer process of the heavy metals on the graphene surface in molecule level. By this mean we can develop some new materials and methods for heavy metals sensing with high sensitivity and good selectivity, which is expected to provide some clues for the monitoring and removal of toxic heavy metal ions in the environment in both theoretical and experimental ways.

英文关键词： graphene functionalization;polysulfide;nanocomposite;electrochemical sensor;heavy metal ions