自我运动中Optic flow对物体运动知觉的影响机制研究

项目名称： 自我运动中Optic flow对物体运动知觉的影响机制研究

项目编号： No.31300837

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 医药、卫生

项目作者： 闫京江

作者单位： 兰州大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 人类和动物为了接触到一个物体，可以使用两种方式。一种是让物体运动到自己面前（物体运动）；另外一种则是自己走到物体所在位置（自我运动）。从物理学的角度来看，当相对速度相同时，这两种运动方式在所用的时间上是等同的，因而观察者应该有同样的行为反应。然而，从认知角度来看，二者在视觉上有着明显的差异。当物体运动时，视野内只有物体自身在视网膜上的映像发生扩张；而在自我运动时，不仅物体映像在扩大，周围背景物体的视网膜映像也在发生位移（optic flow）。由此引出本研究的主题：这种视觉差异是否会导致人们在两种运动方式中的时间判断和行为反应的不一致？本研究试图使用心理物理法来探讨这一问题。通过设计和使用一系列的实验，我们将从多个角度对认知系统对optic flow，分心物的视网膜映像扩张和目标物映像扩张的敏感性以及不同视觉信息之间的相互关系进行详细研究。

中文关键词： 视觉流；自我运动；物体运动；即将碰撞事件；

英文摘要： Humans and animals could approach a target by two different types of movements. In object movement, the moving target approaches the stationary observer; while in self-motion, the observer approaches the stationary target. From the relative movement perspective, observer's responses in both motion conditions should be identical as long as the relative velocities are the same. However, from the cognitive perspective,different visual patterns in the two conditions will be perceived. In object movement, only the expansion of the target image on the retina was useful to the motion perception. On the other hand, in self-motion condition, in addition to the same expansion cue, the pattern of the images of the background objects moving off the view field (optic flow) could also be observed. Therefore, it is important to understand whether such a visual discrepancy could result in observer's different behaviors in these two movements. In present study, we are going to investigate this issue psychophysically. The characteristics of different available cues in self-motion were manipulated in a series of experiments. These characteristics include: optic flow velocity, direction, the expansion of the image of a distracter, the visual location of optic flow, the eccentricity of optic flow, and the combinations of some o

英文关键词： optic flow；self-motion；object-motion；time-to-collision；