藏鸡高原极端环境下的基因组变异及其低氧适应的分子机制

项目名称： 藏鸡高原极端环境下的基因组变异及其低氧适应的分子机制

项目编号： No.91331118

项目类型： 重大研究计划

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 张浩

作者单位： 中国农业大学

项目金额： 100万元

中文摘要： 藏鸡是青藏高原特有的原始小型地方鸡种，具有适应高原极端环境的遗传机制，是研究动物高原适应进化及其机制的模式动物。本项目根据微进化理论和近年来高原人群的全基因扫描结果，在前期对藏鸡低氧适应生理特征、候选基因、调控网络等研究的基础上，提出假设，藏鸡高原适应基因功能突变在高原极端环境中受到选择，频率发生变化，同时表观遗传修饰发生改变，调控关键组织中基因表达，特有的DNA变异与表观遗传共同使藏鸡适应高原极端环境。本项目采用全基因组扫描，研究藏鸡和低地鸡种的DNA多态性模式，分析适应高海拔环境的DNA变异，并通过表观组学、转录组学、蛋白组学鉴定高海拔适应相关基因，鉴定高海拔低氧适应基因和表观遗传调控模式，定位和克隆与低氧环境适应相关的关键基因，体外验证基因功能及其作用途径，确定适应性生理表型形成的分子机制，最终揭示藏鸡适应高原极端环境的微进化机制。

中文关键词： 藏鸡；高原环境；微进化；基因组变异；低氧适应

英文摘要： The Tibet chicken (Gallus gallus) is a distinctive indigenous breed native to Tibet Plateau. The chicken that has genetic mechanism of adaptation to extreme environment of plateau is a good model for research of adaptive evolution in high-altitude as well as mechanism. In this project, base on microevolution theory and previous evidences on genome-wide scan of human and our previous results about hypoxic physiology, candidate genes and regulating network in Tibet chicken, we hypothesis that the extreme environment of plateau have selected DNA variation and changed epigenetic pattern on functional genes of altitude adaptation in the Tibet chicken, which regulate gene expression in key tissue and coordinatively contribute to adaptation to high-altitude extreme environments in Tibet chicken. Through genome-wide scanning, we survey the DNA variation patterns of Tibet and lowland chicken breeds, and analysis the DNA mutations selective for adaptation to high-altitude environment. By measuring epigenome, transcriptome and proteome of heart tissue of chicken hypoxic embryo, we identify the genes that contribute to high-altitude adaptation and the regulating models by DNA variation and epigenetic, and clone and locate the key genes of hypoxic adaptation, then identify and verify in vitro the pathways and molecular mecha

英文关键词： Tibetan chicken；high-altitude environment；microevolution；genome variance；hypoxic adaptation