基于计算成像的空间近距离弱小目标检测技术

项目名称： 基于计算成像的空间近距离弱小目标检测技术

项目编号： No.61301193

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 孙瑾秋

作者单位： 西北工业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 随着人类对近地空间探索和利用的加剧，迫切需要对空间碎片进行有效监视。针对天基平台及空间碎片目标的成像特点，研究其成像方法、目标检测方法对航天探测及空间监测能力的提升具有非常重要的作用。针对传统光学成像方法受天基平台成像设备小型化、轻量化制约的问题，仅通过硬件改进的途径，不能较好的满足天基平台的成像需求。本项目将计算引入成像过程，提出了基于空-时压缩感知的计算成像数据获取方式，为较好的解决传统成像方式受物理口径对探测灵敏度和空间分辨率的局限性问题提供了一条新思路；提出了基于耦合闭环的图像重建与弱小目标检测方法，将检测结果与图像质量形成耦合闭环，相互作用，在有效的实现近距离暗弱目标检测的基础上，重建出高探测灵敏度、高空间分辨率的探测图像，最终，为实现低信噪比的近距离弱小目标检测提供一个新方法。研究成果将对提高航天探测及空间监视能力具有重要作用。

中文关键词： 光学图像处理；光学成像系统；CCD；；

英文摘要： With the ever-increasing exploration and employment of near-earth space, effective surveillance of space debris has become an urgent necessity. By analyzing the feature of imaging formation of space debris on a space-based imaging system, research on the imaging procedure and methods of target detection is of magnificent importance to improve the ability of space exploration as well as surveillance.Considering the constraint, mainly caused by a need for miniaturized and light-weighted imaging devices, on space-based imaging system, it would be insufficient to meet the basic requirement of space imaging by merely improving the capability of hardware system. Therefore, in this project, an innovational image obtaining approach, based on the theory of Spatial-Temporal compressed sensing and termed as 'computational imaging', is introduced, providing another way to overcome the inabilityof traditional imaging system caused by the influence of aperture diameter on the detection sensitivity and spatial resolution. Meanwhile, an image restoration and dim weak target detection method, based on close-loop coupling theory, is proposed, in which target detection result is employed, together with image quality assessment, to form a close loop, aiming at restoring images of high detection sensitivity and high spatial resolut

英文关键词： Optical image processing；Optical imaging system；CCD；；