舟山渔场及邻近海域渔业生物多样性与优势种动态变化机制

项目名称： 舟山渔场及邻近海域渔业生物多样性与优势种动态变化机制

项目编号： No.31270527

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 俞存根

作者单位： 浙江海洋学院

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 舟山渔场及长江口渔场是多种海洋经济鱼类、虾类、蟹类的重要产卵场和索饵场，也是多种渔业生物南北洄游的通道和降海或溯河洄游种类的道口，曾经是我国渔业资源最丰富、生产力水平最高的渔场。但是，近半个多世纪来，该海域的渔业生物种类组成、多样性、优势种群资源结构发生了显著的变化，然而，对于引起这种变化的原因以及机制一直缺乏深入研究，变化到了何种程度也缺乏定量分析。本项目根据1986-2010年在该海域开展的3次拖网大面调查以及1959-1960年的调查资料，主要探讨长时间尺度渔业生物多样性、优势种群数量动态变化和群落结构演替的原因及与人类捕捞活动间的关系；同时，根据虾蟹类与鱼类之间通过食物链形成的互作关系，探讨虾蟹类与底层鱼类多样性之间的互作关系与影响机制；运用数理统计、多元分析方法及种群遗传学手段定量研究该海域的群落类型及特征，重要种类的遗传多样性等，为保护舟山渔场及实施有效的渔业管理提供参考依据。

中文关键词： 渔业生物；多样性；群落结构；动态变化机制；舟山渔场

英文摘要： Zhoushan fishing ground and Yangtze River estuary ground are the largest fishing grounds of China, which are known as "Fishing Garage in the East Sea" and "Fishing Metropolis of China". Zhoushan fishing ground and adjacent waters is not only important spawning ground and feeding ground for marine fishes, shrimps and crabs, but also an important migration channel for migrate species. With the past centurey, the species compositon and stock structure of dominants species have changed greatly. However, there are few studies about the biodiversity, community structure of fishery species in this area. The mechanism, which caused the variation of community structure, and the degree of variaiton is not clear. According to there time trawl net fishery survey in the east China sea during 1986-2010 and fishery survey data from 1959 to 1960 , this project will study the variation of biodiversity, dynamics of dominant species, relationship between variation of community structure and fishing during long time span. Based on the food chain among fishes, crabs and shrimps, variation pattern of biodiversity among demersal fishes, crabs and shrimps will be explored. In this project ,we will use mathematical statistics, multivariate analysis, diversity index, and population genetic methods to study population genetics of import

英文关键词： fisheries biology；biodiversity；fish community；mechanism of fish population dynamics；Zhoushan fishing ground