红树林生境异质性的时空尺度效应与鱼类多样性的维持机制

项目名称： 红树林生境异质性的时空尺度效应与鱼类多样性的维持机制

项目编号： No.41276075

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王瑁

作者单位： 厦门大学

项目金额： 92万元

中文摘要： 红树林被公认为是幼鱼的育苗场所和维持高渔业产量的主要因素。但是，由于红树林内布网困难、忽视空间尺度和缺少长时间定位研究，再加上已有的研究片面强调水文因子，使得解释红树林高鱼类多样性的三个假说：摄食假说、逃避捕食假说和结构异质性假说受到越来越多的质疑。 本项目在前面2个基金项目的基础上，利用能够在红树林内布网的蜈蚣网，结合水下摄影技术、胃含物分析技术和稳定同位素技术，在详细跟踪水文、植物群落参数、鱼类可能的食物种类和数量的基础上，实现海南东寨港红树林鱼类多样性多时间尺度(日变化、季节变化、年变化和2004至2014年间的长时间变化)和多空间尺度(不同潮位、不同树种、红树林内空隙、林外滩涂、潮沟、浅水水域及整个海湾)定点跟踪，研究生境异质性的时空尺度效应对鱼类多样性的影响，探讨红树林鱼类多样性维持机制，为红树林鱼类的保护和管理提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 红树林；鱼类；多样性；时空尺度；生境异质性

英文摘要： Mangroves have been viewed as the main factor for the high juvenile fish abundance and high fishery production. Three hypotheses have been proposed to explain this, the structural heterogeneity hypothesis, the predation risk hypothesis and the food availability hypothesis. However, due to the difficulty to collect fishes within the mangrove vegetation with dense aerial roots, neglect the scale effect of spatial a patterns of habitat heterogeneity, short of long-tern position research and wrong research strategy, there long way to go to know the exact reasons for high biodiversity in mangroves. The fish resources at Dongzhaigang of Hainan Island have been under rapid decrease. Based on our previous two NSFC items, a new gear-Cetipede net, which has been proven to collect fish efficiently not only outside mangrove vegetation but also within mangrove vegetation, is used to collect fishes. Underwater visual monitor, gut content analysis and stable isotope technology are used to study the scale effects of spatial and temporal patterns of habitat heterogeneity on fish biodiversity. The fish biodiversity on different spatial scales (diurnal, semi-lunar, seasonal, yearly and decennary), different temporal scales (tide elevation, mangrove community, forest gap, mangrove edge, bear mudflat, creek, shallow water and whole

英文关键词： mangrove；fish；biodiversity；spatial and temporal scale；habitat heterogenity