复合污染条件下水环境多相共存体系中有机氯农药和重金属的分布与迁移转化特征研究

项目名称： 复合污染条件下水环境多相共存体系中有机氯农药和重金属的分布与迁移转化特征研究

项目编号： No.20877033

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 董德明

作者单位： 吉林大学

项目金额： 34万元

中文摘要： 有机污染物-重金属复合污染是一种普遍存在的环境污染形式，对其进行研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本项目主要研究了以有机氯类农药为代表的持久性有机污染物在水环境复杂多相体系(水相、生物膜、悬浮颗粒物、表层沉积物等固相)中的分布及迁移转化规律，同时研究了典型重金属与有机氯农药在水环境多相体系中的交互作用。本研究首先确立了生物膜等固相样品中有机氯农药的快速提取分析方法。通过对有机氯农药在多相体系中发生的迁移转化作用及动态变化规律系统研究，确立了主要环境因素，获取了相关作用的热力学和动力学参数，建立了描述和预测相关作用的模型。通过对有机氯农药与多种固相物质不同微观组分作用特征的分析，对有机氯农药在水环境多相体系中发生的主要迁移作用的机制进行了探讨。对复合污染条件下共存重金属对有机氯农药在水环境中的迁移影响的研究结果表明：污染物的种类和浓度、固相物质的组成及结构、体系所处的环境条件等均对污染物的交互作用及其迁移转化行为有重要影响。本研究所开展的水环境多相共存体系中有机氯农药环境行为及其与重金属的复合污染研究工作国内外尚未见报道。本研究结果对正确评价污染物在水环境中的迁移转化行为具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 水环境；多相体系；有机氯农药；重金属；复合污染

英文摘要： The study on the combined contamination between organic pollutants and heavy metals, a common form of environmental pollution, has important theoretical and practical significances. This work is mainly to study the distribution, transport and transformation of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as one of the representative of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic heterogeneous systems (aqueous phase, biofilms, suspended particles and surface sediments). The interactions between typical heavy metals and OCPs were also investigated. A rapid extraction and measurement method for OCPs in solid samples, such as biofilms, was established. Based on the systematic study on the transport, transformation and dynamic changes of OCPs in the aquatic heterogeneous system, the main factors were identified and the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the involved environmental behaviors were also obtained. Finally, relative models were established. The main transport mechanisms of OCPs in the aquatic multiphase system were also explored through the study on the characteristics of interactions between OCPs and different micro-components of solid substances. The results of the effects of coexisting heavy metals on the transport of OCPs indicated that the types and concentrations of pollutants, composition and structure of solid materials and conditions of the aquatic system have important impacts on the interactions between organic pollutants and heavy metals, and then influence their transport and transformation. No report has been found concerning the transport and transformation of OCPs and the combined pollution between them and heavy metals in a heterogeneous aquatic environment. The results of this work play significant roles in the assessment of transport and transformation of pollutants in the aquatic environment.

英文关键词： aquatic environment; heterogeneous system; organochlorine pesticide; heavy metal; combined pollution