扇贝应对海洋镉污染生理适应的分子机制研究

项目名称： 扇贝应对海洋镉污染生理适应的分子机制研究

项目编号： No.41506134

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 张辉

作者单位： 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 镉作为生物非必需、毒性极强的蓄积性重金属，易通过食物链进入人体，严重威胁人类健康。扇贝相对于其他贝类能够特异性蓄积镉，可食部分镉含量高出国家标准几十倍，成为水产品安全领域关注的焦点。长期生存在重金属污染的生态环境例如高镉环境中的物种，会选择有效的适应策略，可引发物种的适应性。软体动物中镉结合蛋白的存在是一种有效的应对镉毒性的保护机制。目前围绕扇贝对镉高耐受性的分子机制的研究尚存许多空白和不足。本项目拟以镉胁迫下的栉孔扇贝组织为研究对象，在微观层面开展研究。运用差异基因筛选技术，构建栉孔扇贝转录组文库并筛选差异基因；通过离子交换色谱技术和质谱鉴定筛选关键蛋白，发掘扇贝体内的镉结合蛋白；通过酵母功能互补验证实验验证关键基因和蛋白的功能。为深入阐释扇贝高蓄积镉的分子机制及扇贝应对镉污染的生理适应机制构建平台，并为镉污染早期预警、水产品质量安全控制、基因调控及育种研究提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 栉孔扇贝；镉污染；生理适应；镉结合蛋白；分子机制

英文摘要： Heavy metal pollution in food is one of the major problems affecting food safety. Cadmium is a kind of heavy metal which is non-essential, highly toxic and easily accumulated. It enters the food chain poisoning animals and humans. Shellfish accumulated heavy metals easily because of their low metabolic rate. Scallops were able to accumulate high amounts of cadmium specially compared to other shellfish, and the content of cadmium in edible part was several times higher than that ruled in national standard, which has become the focus of attention. Long-term survival in the ecological environment of heavy metal contamination can lead to species adaptability. Species select some effective adaptation strategies when the environment they lived is contaminated by cadmium. In mollusk, the presence of cadmium-binding protein is a protective mechanism to deal with cadmium toxicity. Currently the researches on molecular mechanisms of high tolerance to cadmium in scallop are deficient and limited. The present study was designed to obtain transcript sequence data and examine gene expression in tisues of scallops Chlamys farreri exposed to cadmium based on RNA-Seq and LC-MS/MS technology. The key genes and cadmium-binding protein were screened and verificated by RACE technology, RT-PCR, and recombinant protein technology. The aim of this study is to better explain the molecular mechanisms of high accumulation of cadmium and physiological adaptive mechanisms to deal with cadmium contamination in scallops, and provides a theoretical basis for early warning of cadmium pollution, quality and safety control of seafood, gene regulation and breeding research.

英文关键词： Chlamys farreri;pollution of cadmium;physiological adaptation;binding protein of cadmium;molecular mechanism