基于时域近场声全息的旋转机械非稳态声场重构与故障诊断方法研究

项目名称： 基于时域近场声全息的旋转机械非稳态声场重构与故障诊断方法研究

项目编号： No.51505277

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 王冉

作者单位： 上海海事大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 旋转机械在变转速等工况下会产生非稳态声场，对设备的非稳态声场进行可视化重构与分析，并提取声学特征用于故障诊断，对于设备的安全运行与科学维护有重要意义。本项目拟以时域NAH、旋转机械信号处理、声像特征提取、智能模式识别等技术为基础，以小型电机、压缩机等旋转机械为研究对象，针对设备在变转速工况下的非稳态声场特点，将时频分析、转速跟踪阶比分析等信号处理方法与时域NAH技术相结合，提出具有较强适用性的旋转机械非稳态声场重构技术，建立重构声场与设备转速、阶比等关键特征参数的关系。在非稳态声场重构的基础上，开展旋转机械的声学故障特征提取与诊断方法研究，采用纹理分析等方法从重构的全息声像中挖掘出有效的故障特征，最终实现旋转机械的智能故障诊断。项目将提供一套完整有效的旋转机械非稳态声场重构与故障诊断方法，弥补现有理论和技术的不足，为旋转机械的安全运行与噪声控制提供理论和技术上的有力支持。

中文关键词： 时域近场声全息；旋转机械；非稳态声场重构；特征提取；故障诊断

英文摘要： Nonstationary sound field can be radiated from rotating machinery under non-steady operating conditions. Rotating machinery sound field visualization and analysis, as well as further acoustic feature extraction and fault diagnosis, are significant for its operation safety and maintenance. For this reason, taking electromotors, compressors, and other rotating machinery as research objects, in-depth study will be conducted in this project, based on time domain NAH (TDNAH), rotating machinery signal processing, acoustic image feature extraction, and pattern recognition. In view of the nonstationary sound field character, time-frequency anylysis, order tracking and other signal processing methods, are introduced into TDNAH to develop a nonstationary sound field reconstruction technique which is especially suitable for rotating machinery. Utilizing the proposed technique, the nonstationary sound field can be reconstructed with respect to the variable rotating speed and different orders. Furthermore, sound field characteristics are analyzed based on the nonstationary sound field reconstruction results. And then, texture analysis and other acoustic image processing methods are studied to extract fault features. Finally, rotating machinery fault diagnosis is realized through nonstationary sound field visualization and feature extraction. This project will provide an effective rotating machinery nonstationary sound field reconstruction and fault diagnosis method, which can overcome the limitations of the existing methods and techniques, and be beneficial for the operation safety and noise control of rotating machinery.

英文关键词： time domain near-field acoustical holography;rotating machinery;nonstationary sound field reconstruction;feature extraction;fault diagnosis