电纺纳米碳纤维的结构控制、掺杂改性及其超级电容性能

项目名称： 电纺纳米碳纤维的结构控制、掺杂改性及其超级电容性能

项目编号： No.51272057

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 于杰

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 电纺纳米碳纤维（ESCNFs）具有优越的自支撑膜形式，直径细小，不会团聚，适于超级电容器应用。但由于常规ESCNFs比表面积小，目前尚未获得良好的超级电容性能。本项目研究通过ESCNFs的结构控制和掺杂改性实现其超级电容性能的大幅度提高。利用NH3对碳的刻蚀反应性通过在NH3中碳化前躯体纤维实现其直径的减小；碳化过程中NH3与碳反应产生的含碳活性基团导致类石墨烯结构在纤维表面生长，通过引入适量CH4可以强化这种类石墨烯的生长。通过选用合适的前躯体及后续处理实现ESCNFs的掺杂改性。直径的减小增加比表面积；裸露于表面的类石墨烯边缘可以大大提高离子的吸附能力；掺杂产生额外赝电容，并促进离子的吸附及改善润湿性。通过以上各因素的共同作用可望大幅度提高ESCNFs的超级电容性能。本项目将揭示ESCNFs掺杂改性和结构控制的机制并建立其工艺，获得高性能ESCNFs超级电容器电极材料。

中文关键词： 纳米碳纤维；静电纺丝；超级电容器；掺杂；石墨烯

英文摘要： Electrospun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs) are suitable for the application of supercapacitors due to the material form of free-standing membrane, small diameter, and absence of agglomeration. However, good supercapacitive performance has not been attained currently for the conventional ESCNFs because of their low specific surface area. This project attempts to improve the supercapacitive performance of the ESCNFs greatly by the structure control and modification through doping. NH3 is applied during carbonization to decrease the diameter of the ESCNFs due to its etching reactivity with carbon. Growth of the graphene-like structure is caused by the carbon-containing active radicles generated from the reaction of NH3 with carbon during carbonization, which will be enhanced by introducing appropriate amount of CH4. Doping modification of the ESCNFs is carried out by selecting appropriate precursor and subsequent surface treatment. The specific surface area of the ESCNFs will increase with the decrease of their diameter. The exposure of the graphene edges will greatly increase the ability to attract ions. Doping generates additional pseudocapacitance, promotes ion adsorption, and improve the wettability. It is expected that the supercapacitive performance of the ESCNFs will be imcreased greatly by the combined effects

英文关键词： carbon nanofibers；electrospinning；supercapacitor；doping；graphene