蓝藻碳酸酐酶应用于CO2仿生矿化的基础研究

项目名称： 蓝藻碳酸酐酶应用于CO2仿生矿化的基础研究

项目编号： No.21506132

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 有机化学

项目作者： 谢通慧

作者单位： 四川大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 基于生物矿化现象的仿生策略是二氧化碳捕捉和封存领域新兴的研究热点。该策略的技术核心在于矿化过程的关键酶——碳酸酐酶。获得酶活性较高、且能够耐受特定环境（如耐高盐）的碳酸酐酶，并基于生物细胞反应器来克隆和大量表达，是CO2仿生矿化商业化的基础。本项目以CO2耐受、环境适应性强、生物矿化现象最突出的蓝藻作为筛选碳酸酐酶的来源。选育CO2固定能力强的钙化蓝藻藻种，通过转录组测序获得碳酸酐酶基因序列，并将酶基因片段克隆与表达，以期研究：（1）蓝藻碳酸酐酶的基因类型及表达丰度；（2）克隆表达碳酸酐酶的活性及耐受性；（3）碳酸酐酶对CO2固定能力，及在体外形成碳酸盐的晶体形式。构建的碳酸酐酶基因工程菌，为CO2仿生矿化潜在的工业化应用提供生物催化剂。

中文关键词： 二氧化碳捕捉和封存；仿生矿化；碳酸酐酶；蓝藻；转录组测序

英文摘要： Research on biomineralization-based biomimetic strategy is growing up to be a focus in the field of CO2 capture and storage. Many studies on biomimetic CO2 storage have concentrated on the key enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2. It is important to achieve highly active and special environmental tolerant (e.g. salt-tolerant) carbonic anhydrase. Further, cloning and abundant expression of CA in cell bioreactor, are crucial for commercial application. The project chooses cyanobacteria as the source of carbonic anhydrase, which is CO2-tolerant, environment-adaptable, and outstanding representative of biomineralization phenomenon. Calcifying cyanobacterium with high CO2-sequestration ability are isolated and cultured. The gene sequence of carbonic anhydrase is achieved through RNA-seq. Then, the gene is cloned and expressed abundantly. The purpose of this study is to explain: (1) the type and the expressive abundance of carbonic anhydrase gene in cyanobacteria; (2) the activity and the tolerance of carbonic anhydrase; (3) the CO2-sequestration capacity and the crystal form of carbonate in vitro. The genetically modified bacteria of carbonic anhydrase could provide biocatalyst for potential industrial application of CO2 biomimetic mineralization.

英文关键词： CO2 capture and storage;biomimetic mineralization;carbonic anhydrase;cyanobacteria;transcriptome sequencing