芒属植物异源多倍体表型变异与基因差异表达的相关性研究

项目名称： 芒属植物异源多倍体表型变异与基因差异表达的相关性研究

项目编号： No.31471557

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 陈智勇

作者单位： 湖南农业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 芒属植物是国内外高度关注的纤维能源植物。多倍体水平的杂种优势利用是培育芒属植物新品种的有效途径。本课题组利用1150份活体野生种质资源，从4个开发价值最大的种-芒、五节芒、荻、南荻中筛选出优良亲本，创制出一批产生丰富表型变异的异源多倍体，优良变异性状的相关基因稳定表达成为异源多倍体育种的关键。为确定多倍体优良变异性状的相关基因，并了解其在多倍化过程中的表达特性，本项目拟利用这些异源多倍体及其亲本为研究对象，采用表型性状和细胞学特征比对、cDNA-AFLP分子标记及部分同源序列（NAC、trnL-F和rpl16）差异表达比对，运用TASSEL软件对相关基因差异表达的多态性与异源多倍体在形成早期的表型变异进行关联分析，开发与优良能源利用品质密切相关的功能标记，了解芒属植物多倍化进程中基因表达变化规律，为芒属植物优异基因资源的深入挖掘和高效利用奠定基础，同时为丰富多倍体物种进化理论提供重要例证。

中文关键词： 芒属植物；异源多倍体；基因差异表达；关联分析；表型变异

英文摘要： Miscanthus Andersson (Poaceae) has attracted considerable attention as one of the most promising cellulosic bioenergy crops. 1150 wild germplasm had been collected in mainland of China by Research Institute of Miscanthus. Among those wild germplasm, M. sinensis、M. floridulus、M. sacchariflorus and M. lutarioriparius are the four species with development value. A series of allopolyploids have been inducted from hybrids crossbred by the four species or sexual hybridization from autopolyploid. There are abundant phenotypic variations among the allopolyploid plants. Stable expression of the gene associated with good variation traits becomes the key to allopolyploid breeding. This project will 1) determine the relationship between phenotype and genotype variations in parents and their allopolyploid hybrids, 2) reveal the expression features in the process of polyploidization. The approaches will use statistical analysis of phenotypic traits with cytological characteristics, cDNA-AFLP markers and differentially expressed of some homologous sequences (NAC, trnL-F and rpl16), the association analysis on the polymorphism of related genes different expression and allopolyploid phenotypic variation using the TASSEL software. The functional molecular markers closely related to the energy use of Miscanthus qualities will be screened, the laws of evolution of gene expression during the process of Miscanthus polyploidization will be discovered, a foundation will be established for excellent genetic resources mining and using of Miscanthus wild germplasm, and the important example of polyploid evolution theory will be provided.

英文关键词： Miscanthus;Allopolyploid;Gene differentially expression;Association analysis;Phenotypic Variation