500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）工程观测环境评价与保护研究

项目名称： 500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）工程观测环境评价与保护研究

项目编号： No.11303062

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 张莹

作者单位： 中国科学院国家天文台

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 500米口径球面射电望远镜（FAST）工程是我国在建的重大科技基础设施项目，位于贵州省黔南州平塘县大窝凼洼地。望远镜周边环境中观测基地等人造景观带来的电磁干扰和降雨等恶劣天气带来的雨洪危害，都会对望远镜观测造成不良影响。为了保证望远镜建成后能够顺利运行，本研究从望远镜观测所需的环境条件出发，通过对FAST望远镜周边景观环境因素进行评价分类，针对现场特殊的喀斯特地质地貌类型，充分利用当地现有植被、岩石条件，采用"反规划"思想，结合GIS软件对望远镜周围场地进行径流分析及通视度分析，因地制宜，提出FAST景观环境保护方案，优化望远镜观测环境，尽可能遮挡衰减人工景观带来的电磁干扰，合理疏导地表瞬时径流。最终通过分层叠加的方法划分出禁建区、限建区和可建区，最大限度地保护观测环境，在中观和微观尺度上补充现有环境保护方案，同时满足驻站工作人员在工作生活方面、精神方面和审美方面的需求。

中文关键词： FAST工程；观测环境；评价；保护；优化

英文摘要： Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) project is one of the large research infrastructure projects under construction in China, located in Da Wodang depression in Pingtang County,Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province. Some unsafe environmental factors surrounding FAST telescope will do harm to the observation, such as human activity and man-made landscape which might bring electromagnetic interference, inclement weather especially rainstorm which might cause flood hazards and so on. This study is aimed to assess landscape environment conditions especially the special karst geological features, existing local vegetation and rocks surrounding FAST telescope in order to ensure the smooth running, with the idea of "anti-planning" . Based on the method of chromatography, the site environment will eventually be divided into three function divisions, which are prohibited areas, restricted areas and construction areas, according to local conditions using GIS software. The results of classification will be used as reference during FAST construction, to conserve the observing environment, as well as satisfy requirements life, spirit and aesthetics of FAST on-site staff.

英文关键词： FAST Project；observing environment；evaluation；conservation；optimization